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IntelliJ运行Spring Boot项目报错：java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.servlet.ServletContext

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DevOps 小满
2026-8-1
问题：IntelliJ运行Spring Boot 3应用时出现jakarta.servlet.ServletContext找不到的错误

在新笔记本的IntelliJ中运行克隆的Spring Boot Web应用（Spring Boot 3.0.2）时，反复出现以下错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect Class [org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext] from ClassLoader [jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader@2f0e140b]

随后触发：

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.servlet.ServletContext

但该应用在Visual Studio Code中可正常运行。

现有pom.xml配置 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ltp</groupId>
    <artifactId>global-superstore</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>global-superstore</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.0</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>repo1.maven.org</id>
            <url>https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    
</project>

完整堆栈跟踪 

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect Class [org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext] from ClassLoader [jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader@2f0e140b]
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredFields(ReflectionUtils.java:743) ~[spring-core-5.3.19.jar:5.3.19]
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.findField(ReflectionUtils.java:611) ~[spring-core-5.3.19.jar:5.3.19]
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver.retrieveResourceLoader(ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver.java:81) ~[spring-boot-devtools-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver.<init>(ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver.java:77) ~[spring-boot-devtools-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.Restarter.prepare(Restarter.java:442) ~[spring-boot-devtools-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.Restarter.prepare(Restarter.java:430) ~[spring-boot-devtools-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartApplicationListener.onApplicationPreparedEvent(RestartApplicationListener.java:100) ~[spring-boot-devtools-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartApplicationListener.onApplicationEvent(RestartApplicationListener.java:53) ~[spring-boot-devtools-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.doInvokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:176) ~[spring-context-5.3.19.jar:5.3.19]
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.invokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:169) ~[spring-context-5.3.19.jar:5.3.19]
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:143) ~[spring-context-5.3.19.jar:5.3.19]
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:131) ~[spring-context-5.3.19.jar:5.3.19]
    at org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener.contextLoaded(EventPublishingRunListener.java:103) ~[spring-boot-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.lambda$contextLoaded$4(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:74) ~[spring-boot-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.doWithListeners(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:120) ~[spring-boot-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.doWithListeners(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:114) ~[spring-boot-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.contextLoaded(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:74) ~[spring-boot-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.prepareContext(SpringApplication.java:408) ~[spring-boot-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:302) ~[spring-boot-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1312) ~[spring-boot-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1301) ~[spring-boot-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
    at com.ltp.globalsuperstore.GlobalSuperstoreApplication.main(GlobalSuperstoreApplication.java:10) ~[classes/:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:578) ~[na:na]
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:49) ~[spring-boot-devtools-2.6.7.jar:2.6.7]
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: jakarta/servlet/ServletContext
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.getDeclaredFields0(Native Method) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredFields(Class.java:3353) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.getDeclaredFields(Class.java:2424) ~[na:na]
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredFields(ReflectionUtils.java:738) ~[spring-core-5.3.19.jar:5.3.19]
    ... 25 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.servlet.ServletContext
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521) ~[na:na]
    ... 29 common frames omitted

问题分析

从堆栈跟踪可以看到，项目实际加载的是Spring Boot 2.6.7的依赖（比如spring-boot-devtools-2.6.7.jar、spring-core-5.3.19.jar），但pom.xml中parent指定的是Spring Boot 3.0.2，出现了严重的版本冲突：

  • Spring Boot 3.x基于Jakarta EE 9+，依赖的是jakarta.servlet包下的API；
  • Spring Boot 2.x基于Java EE，依赖的是javax.servlet包下的API。

同时pom.xml中存在两处多余配置：

  1. 手动添加了spring-web依赖，spring-boot-starter-web已经包含了适配Spring Boot版本的spring-web，手动指定版本会破坏依赖一致性；
  2. 手动添加了jakarta.servlet-api，spring-boot-starter-web已经引入了正确版本的Servlet API，手动添加可能导致版本不匹配或依赖冲突。

解决方案

1. 清理pom.xml的多余依赖

修改后的pom.xml如下，移除spring-web和jakarta.servlet-api依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ltp</groupId>
    <artifactId>global-superstore</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>global-superstore</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>repo1.maven.org</id>
            <url>https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    
</project>

2. 刷新Maven依赖并清理缓存

  • 在IntelliJ中，点击右侧Maven面板的Reload All Maven Projects按钮；
  • 执行Maven命令清理并重新构建：
mvn clean install -U
  • 若仍有问题，清理IntelliJ的缓存：File -> Invalidate Caches... -> Invalidate and Restart

3. 检查IntelliJ的Maven配置

确保IntelliJ使用的是项目指定的Maven版本和本地仓库，避免使用默认配置导致依赖加载异常：

  • 打开File -> Settings -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Build Tools -> Maven；
  • 确认Maven home directory和Local repository配置正确，与VSCode中使用的Maven一致。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者dodek

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最近更新时间：2026.08.01 15:05:33