启动Electron报错error:0308010C，求适配Node.js最新LTS的解法

问题概述 #

执行npm run electron:serve启动Electron时，出现如下报错：

project-plugins@0.1.0 electron:serve

vue-cli-service electron:serve

 INFOStarting development server...


 DONE Compiled successfully in 3002ms 17:26:56

  App running at:
  - Location: http://localhost:8080/
  - Network: http://192.168.3.10:8080/

  Note that the development build is not optimized.
  To create a production build, run npm run build.

- Bundling main process...node:internal/crypto/hash:71
  this[kHandle] = new _Hash(algorithm, xofLen);
                  ^

Error: error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported
    at new Hash (node:internal/crypto/hash:71:19)
    at Object.createHash (node:crypto:133:10)
    at module.exports (C:\Users\allan\Downloads\Projects\curso-vue\vue-cli\projeto-plugins\node_modules\vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder\node_modules\webpack\lib\util\createHash. js:135:53)
    at NormalModule._initBuildHash (C:\Users\allan\Downloads\Projects\curso-vue\vue-cli\projeto-plugins\node_modules\vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder\node_modules\webpack\lib\NormalModule.js: 417:16)
    at handleParseError (C:\Users\allan\Downloads\Projects\curso-vue\vue-cli\projeto-plugins\node_modules\vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder\node_modules\webpack\lib\NormalModule.js:471: 10)
    at C:\Users\allan\Downloads\Projects\curso-vue\vue-cli\projeto-plugins\node_modules\vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder\node_modules\webpack\lib\NormalModule.js:503:5
    at C:\Users\allan\Downloads\Projects\curso-vue\vue-cli\projeto-plugins\node_modules\vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder\node_modules\webpack\lib\NormalModule.js:358:12
    at C:\Users\allan\Downloads\Projects\curso-vue\vue-cli\projeto-plugins\node_modules\vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder\node_modules\loader-runner\lib\LoaderRunner.js:373: 3
    at iterateNormalLoaders (C:\Users\allan\Downloads\Projects\curso-vue\vue-cli\projeto-plugins\node_modules\vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder\node_modules\loader-runner\lib\LoaderRunner.js: 214:10)
    at Array.<anonymous> (C:\Users\allan\Downloads\Projects\curso-vue\vue-cli\projeto-plugins\node_modules\vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder\node_modules\loader-runner\lib\ LoaderRunner.js:205:4) {
  opensslErrorStack: [ 'error:03000086:digital envelope routines::initialization error' ],
  library: 'digital envelope routines',
  reason: 'unsupported',
  code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_UNSUPPORTED'
}

已尝试重装最新Node.js、回退旧版Node.js（引发其他问题，希望保留最新LTS）、安装OpenSSL和crypto-browserify模块，均未解决问题。

可行解决方案 #

1. 临时启用旧版SSL算法支持（开发环境适用） #

在启动命令中添加NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider参数，兼容旧版哈希算法：

• Windows（CMD）：修改package.json的scripts字段：

  "scripts": {
    "electron:serve": "set NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider && vue-cli-service electron:serve"
  }
  

• Windows（PowerShell）：直接执行命令：

  $env:NODE_OPTIONS="--openssl-legacy-provider"; npm run electron:serve
  

• Mac/Linux：修改package.json的scripts字段：

  "scripts": {
    "electron:serve": "NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider vue-cli-service electron:serve"
  }
  

2. 更新依赖至兼容版本 #

升级相关依赖，使其适配最新Node.js LTS：

• 更新vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder：

  npm update vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder --save-dev
  

• 更新electron：

  npm update electron --save-dev
  

• 若webpack版本过低，可尝试升级（需确保与插件兼容）：

  npm update webpack --save-dev
  

3. 配置Webpack使用兼容的哈希算法 #

在项目根目录的vue.config.js中添加配置，指定Webpack使用sha256哈希算法（替代默认的md4）：

module.exports = {
  pluginOptions: {
    electronBuilder: {
      chainWebpackMainProcess: config => {
        config.output.hashFunction('sha256');
      }
    }
  }
};

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Allan Michel