M1 Mac Ventura下React Native CLI初始化项目遇CocoaPods依赖错误

问题背景 #

首次搭建React Native开发环境，已按官方指南完成CLI配置，执行npx react-native init AwesomeProject1时，在“Installing CocoaPods dependencies”步骤耗时极久并报错，提示存在多个Podfile且iOS环境未正确配置。系统配置：M1芯片MacOS Ventura 13.2，watchman 2023.02.06.00，Homebrew 3.6.21，Node v19.6.0，已安装最新Xcode并配置好命令行工具路径。

错误详情：

✔ Downloading template
✔ Copying template
✔ Processing template
✔ Installing Bundler
✖ Installing CocoaPods dependencies (this may take a few minutes)
error warn Multiple Podfiles were found: ios/Podfile,vendor/bundle/ruby/2.7.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.11.3/lib/cocoapods-core/Podfile. Choosing ios/Podfile automatically. If you would like to select a different one, you can configure it via "project.ios.sourceDir". You can learn more about it here: https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/blob/master/docs/configuration.md

✖ Installing CocoaPods dependencies (this may take a few minutes)
error Error: Looks like your iOS environment is not properly set. Please go to https://reactnative.dev/docs/next/environment-setup and follow the React Native CLI QuickStart guide for macOS and iOS.
Error: Error: Looks like your iOS environment is not properly set. Please go to https://reactnative.dev/docs/next/environment-setup and follow the React Native CLI QuickStart guide for macOS and iOS.
    at createFromTemplate (/Users/niteshrastogi/.npm/_npx/7930a8670f922cdb/node_modules/@react-native-community/cli/build/commands/init/init.js:129:11)
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)
    at async Object.initialize [as func] (/Users/niteshrastogi/.npm/_npx/7930a8670f922cdb/node_modules/@react-native-community/cli/build/commands/init/init.js:181:3)
    at async Command.handleAction (/Users/niteshrastogi/.npm/_npx/7930a8670f922cdb/node_modules/@react-native-community/cli/build/index.js:106:9)

解决步骤 #

1. 清理残留环境 #

• 删除创建失败的AwesomeProject1文件夹
• 清理CocoaPods缓存：

  pod cache clean --all
  

• 清理npm缓存：

  npm cache clean --force
  

2. 适配M1芯片重新安装CocoaPods #

• 用Rosetta模式打开终端：右键终端→显示简介→勾选「使用Rosetta打开」
• 先卸载可能存在的brew版CocoaPods（如果之前用brew装过）：

  brew uninstall cocoapods
  

• 用Ruby gem安装CocoaPods：

  sudo gem install cocoapods
  

• 初始化CocoaPods仓库（此步骤可能耗时较长，耐心等待）：

  pod setup
  

3. 手动初始化项目并安装依赖 #

• 创建项目时跳过自动安装依赖：

  npx react-native init AwesomeProject1 --skip-install
  

• 进入项目的ios目录：

  cd AwesomeProject1/ios
  

• 手动执行Pod安装，若仍报错则指定兼容架构：

  # 普通安装
  pod install
  # 若报错，尝试指定架构
  ARCHS="arm64 x86_64" pod install
  

• 返回项目根目录安装npm依赖：

  cd ..
  npm install
  

4. 验证关键环境配置 #

• 检查Xcode命令行工具路径，确保指向最新Xcode：

  xcode-select -p
  

  正常输出应为/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer，若不是则执行：

  sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
  

• 检查Ruby版本，React Native推荐2.7.x系列，若版本不符可通过rbenv/rvm管理：

  ruby -v
  

  比如用rbenv安装2.7.7：

  rbenv install 2.7.7
  rbenv global 2.7.7
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nitesh Rastogi