arm64架构下Undefined symbols链接错误排查求助

完整错误信息 #

Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
  "ug::UgWindow::UgWindow(int, int, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >)" , referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "ug::UgWindow::~UgWindow()" , referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [untitled-game] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/untitled-game.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

相关代码文件 #

UgWindow头文件(ug_window.hpp) #

#pragma once

#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <string>

namespace ug {
    
    class UgWindow{
        public:
            UgWindow(int w, int h, std::string name);
            ~UgWindow();

            bool shouldClose(){ return glfwWindowShouldClose(window); }
        private:
            void initWindow();

            const int width;
            const int height;
            std::string windowName;
            GLFWwindow *window;
    };
}

UgWindow源文件(ug_window.cpp) #

#include "ug_window.hpp"

namespace ug {

UgWindow::UgWindow(int w, int h,  std::string name): width{w}, height{h}, windowName{name} {
    initWindow();
} 

UgWindow::~UgWindow() {
    glfwDestroyWindow(window);
    glfwTerminate();
}

void UgWindow::initWindow() {
    glfwInit();

    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);

    window = glfwCreateWindow(width, height, windowName.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr);
}

}

CMake配置文件(CMakeLists.txt) #

project(untitled-game)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22.4)


set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -O3 -std=c++17  " )

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)

find_package(Vulkan REQUIRED)
find_package(glfw3 3.3 REQUIRED)

if (VULKAN_FOUND)
    message(STATUS "Found Vulkan, Including and Linking now")
    include_directories(${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIRS})
    target_link_libraries (${PROJECT_NAME} ${Vulkan_LIBRARIES} glfw)
endif (VULKAN_FOUND)

解决方案 #

链接错误的核心原因是CMake没有把UgWindow的源文件加入编译流程：当前add_executable只指定了main.cpp，编译器不会自动扫描并编译其他源文件，导致UgWindow的构造/析构函数等实现没有生成对应的目标文件，链接阶段自然找不到符号。

修复步骤： #

1. 修改CMakeLists.txt中的add_executable行，将UgWindow的源文件（假设文件名是ug_window.cpp）添加进去：

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp ug_window.cpp)

2. 建议改用更现代的CMake写法，替换全局的include_directories为目标级别的target_include_directories（可选，但更规范）：

# 替换原来的include_directories(${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIRS})

完成修改后，重新执行cmake和make命令，链接错误即可解决。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Blank