如何在Django中查询两个用户间的全部聊天消息？

问题背景 #

已定义ChatMessage模型存储聊天记录，当前实现的GetMessages视图仅能返回单向消息（如A发给B的消息），需调整为传入两个用户ID即可获取双方全部对话记录。

现有模型定义 #

class ChatMessage(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, related_name="user")
    sender = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, related_name="sender")
    reciever = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, related_name="reciever")
    message = models.CharField(max_length=10000000000)
    is_read = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

现有视图与URL配置 #

class GetMessages(generics.ListAPIView):
    serializer_class = MessageSerializer
    
    def get_queryset(self):
        sender_id = self.kwargs['sender_id']
        reciever_id = self.kwargs['reciever_id']
        messages =  ChatMessage.objects.filter(sender=sender_id, reciever=reciever_id)
        return messages

path("api/get-messages/<sender_id>/<reciever_id>/", views.GetMessages.as_view()),

修改方案 #

使用Django的Q对象构建或条件查询，过滤两个用户之间的双向消息，并按消息创建时间排序保证对话顺序正确。

修改后的视图代码：

from django.db.models import Q

class GetMessages(generics.ListAPIView):
    serializer_class = MessageSerializer
    
    def get_queryset(self):
        user1_id = self.kwargs['sender_id']
        user2_id = self.kwargs['reciever_id']
        # 过滤两种交互场景：user1发user2，或user2发user1
        messages = ChatMessage.objects.filter(
            Q(sender=user1_id, reciever=user2_id) | 
            Q(sender=user2_id, reciever=user1_id)
        ).order_by('date')  # 按时间正序排列，保持对话逻辑顺序
        return messages

效果说明 #

调用http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/get-messages/2/1/或http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/get-messages/1/2/，都会返回两个用户的全部对话，格式示例：

[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "sender": 1,
        "reciever": 2,
        "message": "Hello Sammy",
        "is_read": false
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "sender": 2,
        "reciever": 1,
        "message": "Hey Destiny",
        "is_read": false
    },
    {
        "id": 3,
        "sender": 1,
        "reciever": 2,
        "message": "This is another message for you sammy",
        "is_read": false
    }
]

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Destiny Franks