Python3.10与pip22.3.1执行pip install时遇临时目录错误求助

问题详情 #

使用Python 3.10搭配pip 22.3.1执行pip install命令时，出现以下错误：

ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 160, in exc_logging_wrapper
    status = run_func(*args)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 247, in wrapper
    return func(self, options, args)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\download.py", line 103, in run
    build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\command_context.py", line 27, in enter_context
    return self._main_context.enter_context(context_provider)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\contextlib.py", line 492, in enter_context
    result = _cm_type.__enter__(cm)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\contextlib.py", line 135, in __enter__
    return next(self.gen)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\build\build_tracker.py", line 46, in get_build_tracker
    root = ctx.enter_context(TempDirectory(kind="build-tracker")).path
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 125, in __init__
    path = self._create(kind)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 164, in _create
    path = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=f"pip-{kind}-"))
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\tempfile.py", line 357, in mkdtemp
    prefix, suffix, dir, output_type = _sanitize_params(prefix, suffix, dir)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\tempfile.py", line 126, in _sanitize_params
    dir = gettempdir()
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\tempfile.py", line 299, in gettempdir
    return _os.fsdecode(_gettempdir())
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\tempfile.py", line 292, in _gettempdir
    tempdir = _get_default_tempdir()
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.2800.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\tempfile.py", line 223, in _get_default_tempdir
    raise FileNotFoundError(_errno.ENOENT,
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No usable temporary directory found in ['C:\\Users\\leon\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'C:\\Users\\leon\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'C:\\Users\\leon\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'C:\\windows\\Temp', 'c:\\temp', 'c:\\tmp', '\\temp', '\\tmp', 'C:\\Users\\leon']
WARNING: There was an error checking the latest version of pip.

已尝试重新安装Python 3.10、换用Python 3.11，此前已解决控制台历史记录访问错误和PyCharm无法创建虚拟环境的问题，但该错误始终存在，寻求解决方案。

解决方案 #

1. 检查临时目录的存在性与权限 #

• 打开资源管理器，定位到C:\Users\leon\AppData\Local\Temp，确认目录存在；若不存在，手动创建该目录
• 右键目录→属性→安全，检查当前用户（leon）是否拥有读取、写入权限；若没有，点击编辑添加对应权限

2. 重置系统临时环境变量 #

• 按Win+R组合键输入sysdm.cpl，打开系统属性窗口
• 切换到高级标签页，点击环境变量
• 在用户变量区域：
  • 若不存在TEMP和TMP变量，点击新建，变量名分别设为TEMP和TMP，变量值均设为C:\Users\leon\AppData\Local\Temp
  • 若已存在这两个变量，确认路径是否正确，若路径错误则修改为上述正确路径

3. 修复临时目录权限（管理员权限执行） #

打开管理员命令提示符，执行以下命令，强制赋予当前用户临时目录的完全控制权限：

icacls "C:\Users\leon\AppData\Local\Temp" /grant leon:F /T

4. 手动指定pip的临时目录 #

执行pip安装时，通过--tmp-dir参数手动指定一个可访问的临时目录（需提前创建该目录）：

pip install --tmp-dir "C:\MyTemp" 你的包名

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Leon