M1 macOS下VSCode终端make编译OpenGL正常，常规终端报错

环境信息 #

• 操作系统：macOS Ventura 13.1
• 芯片：Apple M1
• 依赖：GLEW 2.2.0_1（通过Homebrew安装在/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1）

Makefile内容 #

CXX = clang++
CXXFLAGS = -I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/include -L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/lib -w
LIBS = -lGLEW.2.2.0 -framework OpenGL -framework GLUT

SOURCES = t2.cpp
OBJ = $(SOURCES:.cpp=.o)
TARGETS = $(SOURCES:.cpp=)

all: $(TARGETS)

%.o: %.cpp
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

$(TARGETS): %: %.o
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ $< $(LIBS)

clean:
    rm -f $(OBJ) $(TARGETS) *.o

.PHONY: all clean

源代码t2.cpp #

#include <iostream>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLUT/glut.h>

void resizeCB(int width, int height)
{
    /* use the full view port */
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
    /* use 2D  orthographic parallel projection  */
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluOrtho2D(0.0, width, 0.0, height);
}

typedef struct point2D
{
    int x;
    int y;
} Point2D;

Point2D roof[3];
Point2D house[4];

void initGeom()
{
    // initialize the roof
    roof[0].x = 270;
    roof[0].y = 340;
    roof[1].x = 450;
    roof[1].y = 340;
    roof[2].x = 360;
    roof[2].y = 400;
    house[0].x = 285;
    house[0].y = 270;
    house[1].x = 435;
    house[1].y = 270;
    house[2].x = 435;
    house[2].y = 340;
    house[3].x = 285;
    house[3].y = 340;
}

// clear the window and fill it with white colour
// set up gl colour to white
void renderCB()
{
    // glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    // clearing up the canvas with the specific colour
    initGeom();
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    // swap the buffers (using double buffers

    glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
        glVertex2iv((GLint *)&roof[i]);
    }

    glEnd();

    glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

    glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    {
        glVertex2iv((GLint *)&house[i]);
    }
    glEnd();
    glFlush();
    glutSwapBuffers();
    // return;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int winId;
    // initialize GLUT and pass it the command variables
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
    glutInitWindowSize(1024, 768);
    glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
    winId = glutCreateWindow("Tutorial 02");
    GLenum res = glewInit();
    if (res != GLEW_OK)
    {
        printf("Error - %s \n", glewGetErrorString(res));
        return (-1);
    }
    // print OpenGL information
    printf("Renderer: %s \n", glGetString(GL_RENDERER));
    printf("OpenGL version: %s \n", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
    printf("OpenGL shading language version: %s\n", glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION));
    glutReshapeFunc(resizeCB);
    glutDisplayFunc(renderCB);
    glutMainLoop();
    return (0);
}

编译结果差异 #

VSCode集成终端执行make #

编译成功，输出：

clang++ -I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/include -L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/lib -w -c -o t2.o t2.cpp
clang++ -I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/include -L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/lib -w -o t2 t2.o -lGLEW.2.2.0 -framework OpenGL -framework GLUT

常规终端执行make #

链接错误，输出：

clang++ -I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/include -L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/lib -w -c -o t2.o t2.cpp
clang++ -I/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/include -L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/lib -w -o t2 t2.o -lGLEW.2.2.0 -framework OpenGL -framework GLUT
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "_glewGetErrorString", referenced from:
      _main in t2.o
  "_glewInit", referenced from:
      _main in t2.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [t2] Error 1

疑问与需求 #

重启电脑后问题消失，但无法理解两个终端的make执行结果差异。推测VSCode终端调用的是arm64架构的clang++，而常规终端调用的是x86_64架构的clang++，但Makefile未指定架构，默认应为ARM。希望找到问题根源，避免后续再出现此类问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者dodeca12