Python同目录模块调用问题：兼顾便捷导入与内部引用

Let's break down how to fix your import issues while keeping the handy import alex as al workflow for test.py:

The Root Cause of Your Errors #

Your problems stem from incorrect import paths inside KnowledgeBase.py:

• When you use import alex as al, Python likely resolves alex to the outer alex folder (not the sub-package), which doesn't expose the CDE attribute.
• Using import commons as AC fails because Python looks for commons in your system's sys.path, not in the same sub-package as KnowledgeBase.py.

Fix 1: Use Relative Imports for Intra-Package References #

This is the cleanest approach for modules within the same package. Update KnowledgeBase.py to use relative imports to pull in content from commons.py:

# KnowledgeBase.py
from .commons import CDE, TimePeriod

class KnowledgeBase:
    def __init__(self):
        # Now you can use CDE and TimePeriod directly
        self.sample_cde = CDE(name="test", value=123)
        self.sample_period = TimePeriod(start="2024-01-01", end="2024-12-31")

The . in from .commons tells Python to look in the same directory as KnowledgeBase.py for the commons module.

Fix 2: Absolute Imports (Alternative) #

If you prefer absolute paths, make sure your project root (the parent folder of the outer alex directory) is in Python's sys.path, then use the full package path:

# KnowledgeBase.py
from alex.commons import CDE, TimePeriod

class KnowledgeBase:
    # ... rest of your code

Keep Your Convenient External Import #

Your existing __init__.py setup is perfect for letting test.py use import alex as al to access all exposed objects. Leave it as-is:

# __init__.py
from .KnowledgeBase import KnowledgeBase
from .commons import *

Verify the Workflow #

Now both scenarios work seamlessly:

1. In test.py:

   import alex as al
   
   # Access your classes/objects directly
   kb = al.KnowledgeBase()
   new_cde = al.CDE(name="example", value=456)
   new_period = al.TimePeriod(start="2024-02-01", end="2024-02-29")
   

2. Inside KnowledgeBase.py:
   You can use CDE and TimePeriod directly without any import errors.

Pro Tip for Running the Code #

When executing test.py, run it from your project root directory (the parent of the outer alex folder) using:

python -m alex.test

This ensures Python correctly recognizes the package structure and avoids path-related bugs.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者pierre_j