Ruby 2.7环境安装json 2.6.3失败，请求协助排查解决

错误核心原因 #

从报错日志可以明确看到，编译json gem原生扩展时触发关键错误：

xcrun: 错误：无效的活动开发者路径(/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools)，在/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun路径下找不到xcrun

这是因为Mac系统缺少Xcode Command Line Tools，而带有原生扩展的gem（如json）依赖该工具链完成编译工作。

解决方案 #

• 安装Xcode Command Line Tools
  打开终端执行以下命令，按照提示完成安装流程：

  xcode-select --install
  

  若之前已安装但路径出现异常，执行重置命令修复：

  sudo xcode-select --reset
  

• 验证工具可用性
  执行以下命令确认工具正常运行：

  xcrun --version
  

  能正常输出版本信息即表示安装成功。

• 重新执行bundle install
  回到项目目录，再次运行安装命令：

  bundle install
  

原始错误日志 #

Installing json 2.6.3 with native extensions
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

current directory:
/private/var/folders/7g/95lyxbdd033gp04mqyx_hg_00000gn/T/bundler20230220-12004-po1nc6json-2.6.3/gems/json-2.6.3/ext/json/ext/generator
/Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/bin/ruby -I /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0 -r
./siteconf20230220-12004-1nsrtrf.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile

current directory: /private/var/folders/7g/95lyxbdd033gp04mqyx_hg_00000gn/T/bundler20230220-12004-po1nc6json-2.6.3/gems/json-2.6.3/ext/json/ext/generator
make \"DESTDIR=\" clean
xcrun: 错误：无效的活动开发者路径(/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools)，在/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun路径下找不到xcrun

current directory: /private/var/folders/7g/95lyxbdd033gp04mqyx_hg_00000gn/T/bundler20230220-12004-po1nc6json-2.6.3/gems/json-2.6.3/ext/json/ext/generator
make \"DESTDIR=\"
xcrun: 错误：无效的活动开发者路径(/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools)，在/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun路径下找不到xcrun

make failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /var/folders/7g/95lyxbdd033gp04mqyx_hg_00000gn/T/bundler20230220-12004-po1nc6json-2.6.3/gems/json-2.6.3 for inspection.
Results logged to
/var/folders/7g/95lyxbdd033gp04mqyx_hg_00000gn/T/bundler20230220-12004-po1nc6json-2.6.3/extensions/x86_64-darwin-21/2.7.0/json-2.6.3/gem_make.out

  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:99:in `run'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:51:in `block in make'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:43:in `each'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:43:in `make'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb:63:in `block in build'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/tempfile.rb:291:in `open'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb:30:in `build'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:169:in `block in build_extension'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:165:in `synchronize'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:165:in `build_extension'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:210:in `block in build_extensions'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:207:in `each'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:207:in `build_extensions'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/installer.rb:844:in `build_extensions'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb:71:in `build_extensions'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb:28:in `install'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb:204:in `install'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb:54:in `install'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb:16:in `install_from_spec'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb:186:in `do_install'
/Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb:177:in `block in
worker_pool'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/worker.rb:62:in `apply_func'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/worker.rb:57:in `block in process_queue'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/worker.rb:54:in `loop'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/worker.rb:54:in `process_queue'
  /Users/user_name/.asdf/installs/ruby/2.7.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/bundler-2.3.12/lib/bundler/worker.rb:91:in `block (2 levels) in create_threads'

An error occurred while installing json (2.6.3), and Bundler cannot continue.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vineesh K S