SQL多OR条件查询列值时，如何返回满足条件的列？

完全可以实现，下面提供两种常用方案：

方式1：为每个列单独标记匹配状态 #

通过CASE WHEN语句给每个目标列生成匹配状态标识（比如“是/否”或1/0），既能筛选出符合条件的行，也能清楚看到每列的匹配情况：

SELECT 
    id, -- 替换为你需要的唯一标识或其他字段
    -- 为每个检查列添加匹配状态
    CASE WHEN Goods_Services_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS Goods_Services_Match,
    CASE WHEN Input_Materials_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS Input_Materials_Match,
    CASE WHEN Property_Plant_Equipment_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS Property_Plant_Equipment_Match,
    CASE WHEN Production_Process_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS Production_Process_Match,
    CASE WHEN Capital_Expenditures_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS Capital_Expenditures_Match,
    CASE WHEN Employee_Locations_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS Employee_Locations_Match,
    CASE WHEN Contractors_Locations_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS Contractors_Locations_Match,
    CASE WHEN Research_And_Development_Desc_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS R_D_Match,
    CASE WHEN Distribution_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS Distribution_Match,
    CASE WHEN Sales_And_Marketing_Desc_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN '是' ELSE '否' END AS Sales_Marketing_Match,
    -- 按需添加原表其他字段
    ...
FROM your_table_name -- 替换为实际表名
WHERE 
    Goods_Services_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Input_Materials_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Property_Plant_Equipment_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Production_Process_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Capital_Expenditures_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Employee_Locations_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Contractors_Locations_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Research_And_Development_Desc_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Distribution_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Sales_And_Marketing_Desc_String LIKE '%tokyo%';

方式2：合并所有匹配的列名到一个字段 #

如果希望直接看到所有命中条件的列名，可以用字符串拼接函数将匹配的列名合并成一个字段，不同数据库的拼接函数略有差异，以下是MySQL示例：

SELECT 
    id,
    CONCAT_WS(', ',
        CASE WHEN Goods_Services_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Goods_Services_String' END,
        CASE WHEN Input_Materials_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Input_Materials_String' END,
        CASE WHEN Property_Plant_Equipment_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Property_Plant_Equipment_String' END,
        CASE WHEN Production_Process_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Production_Process_String' END,
        CASE WHEN Capital_Expenditures_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Capital_Expenditures_String' END,
        CASE WHEN Employee_Locations_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Employee_Locations_String' END,
        CASE WHEN Contractors_Locations_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Contractors_Locations_String' END,
        CASE WHEN Research_And_Development_Desc_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Research_And_Development_Desc_String' END,
        CASE WHEN Distribution_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Distribution_String' END,
        CASE WHEN Sales_And_Marketing_Desc_String LIKE '%tokyo%' THEN 'Sales_And_Marketing_Desc_String' END
    ) AS Matching_Columns,
    -- 按需添加原表其他字段
    ...
FROM your_table_name -- 替换为实际表名
WHERE 
    Goods_Services_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Input_Materials_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Property_Plant_Equipment_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Production_Process_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Capital_Expenditures_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Employee_Locations_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Contractors_Locations_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Research_And_Development_Desc_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Distribution_String LIKE '%tokyo%' OR 
    Sales_And_Marketing_Desc_String LIKE '%tokyo%';

注：若使用SQL Server，将CONCAT_WS替换为STRING_AGG；PostgreSQL同样使用STRING_AGG，需调整语法细节。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Adam Polak Moetsi