Nginx处理Django静态文件提示“文件或目录不存在”问题排查

错误日志 #

[error] 20#20: *1 open() "/home/app/web/staticfiles/admin/css/nav_sidebar.css" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 172.20.0.1, server: , request: "GET /staticfiles/admin/css/nav_sidebar.css HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:1337", referrer: "http://127.0.0.1:1337/admin/"

确认请求路径正确，但Nginx无法从指定目录返回响应，请问哪里配置出错了？以下是相关配置文件：

nginx.conf #

upstream hello_django {
    server web:8000;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://hello_django;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }

     location /staticfiles/ {
        alias /home/app/web/staticfiles/;
    }
}

docker-compose.yml #

version: '3.9'
services:
  web:
    build: .
    command: gunicorn pets.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000
    volumes:
      - static_volume:/home/app/web/staticfiles
    expose:
      - 8000
    env_file:
      - .env
    depends_on:
      - db
  db:
    image: postgres:12.0-alpine
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data/
    env_file:
      - .env
  nginx:
    build: ./nginx
    volumes:
      - static_volume:/home/app/web/staticfiles
    ports:
      - 1337:80
    depends_on:
      - web
volumes:
  postgres_data:
  static_volume:

Dockerfile #

FROM python:3.10.0-alpine
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN apk update
RUN apk add postgresql-dev gcc python3-dev musl-dev
COPY ./requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY ./entrypoint.sh .
RUN sed -i 's/\r$//g' /usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x /usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh
COPY . .
ENV HOME=/home/app
ENV APP_HOME=/home/app/web
RUN mkdir $HOME
RUN mkdir $APP_HOME
RUN mkdir $APP_HOME/staticfiles
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh"]

entrypoint.sh #

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$DATABASE" = "postgres" ]
then
    echo "Waiting for postgres..."

    while ! nc -z $POSTGRES_HOST $POSTGRES_PORT; do
      sleep 0.1
    done

    echo "PostgreSQL started"
fi

cd pets

exec "$@"

核心问题是没执行Django的collectstatic命令，静态文件根本没被收集到共享卷static_volume中，所以Nginx找不到文件。

修复步骤： #

1. 在entrypoint.sh中添加静态文件收集命令
   修改entrypoint.sh，在cd pets之后、exec "$@"之前加入收集命令：

   python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
   

   修改后的完整脚本：

   #!/bin/sh
   
   if [ "$DATABASE" = "postgres" ]
   then
       echo "Waiting for postgres..."
   
       while ! nc -z $POSTGRES_HOST $POSTGRES_PORT; do
         sleep 0.1
       done
   
       echo "PostgreSQL started"
   fi
   
   cd pets
   python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
   exec "$@"
   

2. 确认Django静态文件配置
   检查项目settings.py中是否有以下配置：

   STATIC_URL = '/staticfiles/'
   STATIC_ROOT = '/home/app/web/staticfiles/'
   

3. 重构并重启容器
   执行命令：

   docker-compose down
   docker-compose up --build
   

额外检查点： #

• 确认static_volume卷的权限：容器内/home/app/web/staticfiles目录的所有者需与运行Gunicorn的用户一致（默认是root，若用非root用户需调整权限）。
• Nginx的location /staticfiles/配置无问题，alias路径与共享卷挂载路径匹配，末尾斜杠也正确。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Anonymous Wizard