升级Django与Python后测试失败问题排查

环境变更记录 #

• Django版本从4.0.5升级至4.1.6
• Python版本从3.9升级至3.11
• 升级的依赖列表：

  pip==23.0
  pytest==7.2.1
  pytest-django==4.5.2
  coverage==7.1.0
  pytest-cov==4.0.0
  pylint==2.16.2
  mock==5.0.1
  

报错日志 #

django-admin test
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/django-admin", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(execute_from_command_line())
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 446, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 440, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 24, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 394, in run_from_argv
    parser = self.create_parser(argv[0], argv[1])
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 357, in create_parser
    self.add_arguments(parser)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 54, in add_arguments
    test_runner_class = get_runner(settings, self.test_runner)
                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/test/utils.py", line 394, in get_runner
    test_module = __import__(test_module_name, {}, {}, test_path[-1])
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django_coverage/coverage_runner.py", line 31, in <module>
    from django.db.models import get_app, get_apps
ImportError: cannot import name 'get_app' from 'django.db.models' (/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/db/models/__init__.py)

解决方案 #

原因分析 #

get_app和get_apps在Django 3.2后被标记为废弃，Django 4.0+已完全移除这两个方法。你使用的django_coverage包依赖这些已废弃API，导致导入失败。

修复步骤 #

1. 替换测试运行器
   移除settings.py中TEST_RUNNER配置里的django_coverage.runner.CoverageRunner，恢复默认测试运行器，或配置为pytest_django.runner.DjangoTestRunner。

2. 改用pytest-cov执行测试
   直接使用pytest命令替代django-admin test，通过已安装的pytest-cov生成覆盖率报告：

   pytest --cov=.
   

3. 清理旧依赖
   卸载不再需要的django_coverage：

   pip uninstall django-coverage
   

补充说明 #

django_coverage已长时间未维护，无适配Django 4.1+的版本。优先迁移到pytest-cov更稳妥，它兼容新版本Django和Python，功能也更完善。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Andrei Lupuleasa