构建并安装Python wheel包后导入出现ModuleNotFoundError的问题

我把完整Python项目打包成wheel文件，按网上步骤构建并安装成功，但在同一环境中导入时出现ModuleNotFoundError。操作及报错信息如下：

(sancus) C:\Users\XXXX\Downloads\sancus-master\sancus-master\sancus\dist>pip install sancus_extraction-0.0.1-py3-none-any.whl
Processing c:\users\XXXX\downloads\sancus-master\sancus-master\sancus\dist\sancus_extraction-0.0.1-py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: sancus-extraction
Successfully installed sancus-extraction-0.0.1

(sancus) C:\Users\XXXX\Downloads\sancus-master\sancus-master\sancus\dist>python
Python 3.9.13 (main, Aug 25 2022, 23:51:50) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32

Warning:
This Python interpreter is in a conda environment, but the environment has
not been activated.  Libraries may fail to load.  To activate this environment
please see https://conda.io/activation

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sancus_extraction
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'sancus_extraction'
>>>

• 重新激活conda环境：命令行前缀虽显示(sancus)，但Python提示环境未激活。重新执行激活命令后再尝试导入：

  conda activate sancus
  python
  >>> import sancus_extraction
  

• 核对模块实际导入名称：wheel包名称sancus-extraction不一定等于导入名称。可以：

  1. 执行pip show sancus-extraction查看包的安装路径
  2. 进入该路径，查看里面的文件夹/模块文件名，比如如果是sancus文件夹，导入命令应为import sancus

• 检查打包配置文件：确认setup.py或pyproject.toml中packages参数是否正确指向要打包的模块，示例：

  setup(
      name="sancus-extraction",
      packages=["sancus_extraction"],  # 需与实际模块名一致
      # 其他配置项...
  )
  

• 验证pip与Python环境一致性：执行where python和where pip（Windows），或which python和which pip（Linux/macOS），确认两者路径都属于sancus环境，避免pip安装到其他环境而Python调用的是另一个解释器。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者hitesh