Mac M1本地运行Jekyll博客遇bundle install权限错误求助

在Mac M1本地部署基于Minimal Mistakes主题的Jekyll博客时，卡在bundle install步骤，多次尝试均失败，出现无法删除旧gem安装包的权限错误，涉及commonmarker、gemoji、racc等组件。已尝试过rbenv但无效果，求助如何解决该权限问题，以及是否有办法删除/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0目录下无权限访问的gem文件。

附当前使用的Gemfile内容：

source "https://rubygems.org"
# Hello! This is where you manage which Jekyll version is used to run.
# When you want to use a different version, change it below, save the
# file and run `bundle install`. Run Jekyll with `bundle exec`, like so:
#
#     bundle exec jekyll serve
#
# This will help ensure the proper Jekyll version is running.
# Happy Jekylling!
# This is the default theme for new Jekyll sites. You may change this to anything you like.
# gem "minimal-mistakes-jekyll"
# If you want to use GitHub Pages, remove the "gem "jekyll"" above and
# uncomment the line below. To upgrade, run `bundle update github-pages`.
gem "github-pages", "~> 226", group: :jekyll_plugins
gem "jekyll-include-cache", group: :jekyll_plugins
# If you have any plugins, put them here!
group :jekyll_plugins do
  gem "jekyll-feed", "~> 0.12"
end

# Windows and JRuby does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
# and associated library.
platforms :mingw, :x64_mingw, :mswin, :jruby do
  gem "tzinfo", "~> 1.2"
  gem "tzinfo-data"
end

# Performance-booster for watching directories on Windows
gem "wdm", "~> 0.1.1", :platforms => [:mingw, :x64_mingw, :mswin]

# Lock `http_parser.rb` gem to `v0.6.x` on JRuby builds since newer versions of the gem
# do not have a Java counterpart.
gem "http_parser.rb", "~> 0.6.0", :platforms => [:jruby]

gem "webrick", "~> 1.7"
gem "jekyll-spaceship"

一、搞定bundle install的权限报错 #

• 直接用bundle本地安装：绕开系统Ruby目录的权限坑，把所有依赖装在项目自己的目录里。执行这条命令：

  bundle install --path vendor/bundle
  

  之后启动Jekyll就用bundle exec jekyll serve，所有gem都存在项目的vendor/bundle里，完全不用碰系统级的Ruby目录。

• 把rbenv配置弄对（之前没生效可能是没初始化好）：

  1. 先把rbenv的初始化脚本加到shell配置里（M1默认用zsh，所以改~/.zshrc）：

     echo 'eval "$(rbenv init - zsh)"' >> ~/.zshrc
     

     重启终端或者执行source ~/.zshrc让配置生效。
  2. 装个适配M1的Ruby版本（比如3.2.2，别用系统自带的2.6了）：

     rbenv install 3.2.2
     rbenv local 3.2.2
     

     再跑bundle install，这时gem会装在rbenv管理的用户目录下，根本不会涉及系统目录的权限问题。

二、删除/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0里无权限的gem #

• 用sudo强制删指定gem：系统目录需要管理员权限，直接针对报错的组件删：

  sudo rm -rf /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/commonmarker-*
  sudo rm -rf /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/gemoji-*
  sudo rm -rf /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/racc-*
  

  要是想清理整个目录下的gem（谨慎点，系统自带Ruby可能有其他应用依赖），就跑：

  sudo rm -rf /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/*
  

• 提醒：别随便删系统Ruby的整个目录，只删报错的那几个gem就行，避免搞坏系统自带的应用。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Seewoo Lee