Spring MVC项目部署Tomcat9遇ClassNotFoundException问题求助

开发者阿泽

2026-7-30

问题：Spring MVC部署Tomcat 9时出现java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.servlet.ServletException

我正在开发一个Spring MVC Web应用，使用Maven（Webapp原型）、Spring 5、Java 17和Tomcat 9.0；部署工件时遇到java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.servlet.ServletException异常，明明Tomcat 9.0是基于javax包的，但在Tomcat 10.x上部署时应用运行完全正常。

以下是我的pom.xml：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-mvc-demo</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>spring-mvc-demo Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
      <version>6.0.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-indexer -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-indexer</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
      <scope>optional</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-instrument -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jms -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-messaging -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-oxm -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-r2dbc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-r2dbc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>6.0.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webflux -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webflux</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-websocket -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.25</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>spring-mvc-demo</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

解决方案

问题根源

你的pom.xml中混合了Spring 5和Spring 6的依赖：

Spring 5基于Java EE规范，依赖javax.*包，适配Tomcat 9等传统Java EE容器
Spring 6切换到Jakarta EE规范，依赖jakarta.*包，仅适配Tomcat 10+等Jakarta EE容器

其中spring-instrument（6.0.5）和spring-web（6.0.5）是Spring 6版本，它们会引入对jakarta.servlet.ServletException的依赖，而Tomcat 9中只有javax.servlet.ServletException，因此抛出类找不到异常。

修改步骤

将所有Spring依赖统一为Spring 5.3.25版本，具体修改以下两个依赖：

修正spring-instrument版本（注意pom中重复引入了该依赖，保留一个即可）：

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
  <version>5.3.25</version>
</dependency>

修正spring-web版本：

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
  <version>5.3.25</version>
</dependency>

额外建议

可以在pom.xml中添加Spring版本属性，统一管理所有Spring依赖版本，避免手动维护出错：

<properties>
  <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
  <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
  <spring.version>5.3.25</spring.version>
</properties>

然后所有Spring依赖的version都替换为${spring.version}即可。

另外，JUnit 3.8.1版本过旧，建议升级到JUnit 5，不过这和当前问题无关。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user14269959

Spring MVC项目部署Tomcat9遇ClassNotFoundException问题求助

问题根源 #

修改步骤 #

额外建议 #

问题根源

修改步骤

额外建议