运行Hardhat部署命令时出现TypeError问题求助

问题场景 #

执行部署命令时触发错误：

npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.ts --network localhost

错误日志 #

(base) page Feb 27 4:54 ~/.../with typescript/my-first-dapp/smart-contract > npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.ts --network localhost
TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'prototype')
    at registerCustomInspection (/home/page/Desktop/pages/with typescript/my-first-dapp/smart-contract/node_modules/@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers/src/internal/index.ts:22:13)
    at /home/page/Desktop/pages/with typescript/my-first-dapp/smart-contract/node_modules/@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers/src/internal/index.ts:34:5
    at getRealTarget (/home/page/Desktop/pages/with typescript/my-first-dapp/smart-contract/node_modules/hardhat/src/internal/util/lazy.ts:112:22)
    at Object.get (/home/page/Desktop/pages/with typescript/my-first-dapp/smart-contract/node_modules/hardhat/src/internal/util/lazy.ts:185:26)
    at main (/home/page/Desktop/pages/with typescript/my-first-dapp/smart-contract/scripts/deploy.ts:28:36)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/home/page/Desktop/pages/with typescript/my-first-dapp/smart-contract/scripts/deploy.ts:43:1)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
    at Module.m._compile (/home/page/Desktop/pages/with typescript/my-first-dapp/smart-contract/node_modules/ts-node/src/index.ts:1618:23)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
    at Object.require.extensions.<computed> [as .ts] (/home/page/Desktop/pages/with typescript/my-first-dapp/smart-contract/node_modules/ts-node/src/index.ts:1621:12)

部署脚本代码 #

const hre = require("hardhat");


async function main() {
  const StackUp = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("StackUp");
  const stackUp = await StackUp.deploy();

  await stackUp.deployed();

  console.log("stackUp deployed to:", stackUp.address);

  let adminAddr = await stackUp.admin();
  console.log("admin address:", adminAddr);

  await stackUp.createQuest("Introduction to Hardhat", 2, 600);
  await stackUp.createQuest("Unit Testing with Hardhat", 4, 500);
  await stackUp.createQuest("Debugging and Deploying with Hardhat", 5, 400);
}

main()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });

可能原因及解决步骤 #

1. 依赖版本不兼容 #

这是最常见的原因，hardhat、@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers和ethers版本错位会导致内部API调用失败。

• 打开package.json，确保版本匹配，推荐稳定组合：
  • hardhat: ^2.19.0
  • @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers: ^2.2.3
  • ethers: ^5.7.2（注意：ethers v6与hardhat-ethers v2.x不兼容，必须用v5系列）
• 修改后执行npm install重新安装依赖。

2. 依赖缓存或安装损坏 #

node_modules可能存在缺失或损坏的文件，导致模块加载异常：

rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json yarn.lock
npm cache clean --force
npm install

3. Hardhat配置缺失插件 #

检查hardhat.config.ts（或.js）是否正确引入插件：

// TypeScript格式
import "@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers";

// CommonJS格式
require("@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers");

4. 本地节点状态异常 #

确保npx hardhat node已启动，且网络配置正确：

// hardhat.config.ts中的网络配置
networks: {
  localhost: {
    url: "http://127.0.0.1:8545"
  }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者CCDev