如何在Python中通过食材值打印对应食谱数组的名称

问题说明 #

需实现终端输入食材名称后，输出对应食谱名称的功能，现有JSON结构和Python代码存在缺陷，无法完成需求。

第一步：修正JSON结构 #

原JSON格式不规范，Recipes数组内混合了字符串与数组结构，会导致解析错误。建议将每个食谱定义为包含完整属性的对象，示例如下：

{
    "Recipes": [
        {
            "name": "chocolate chip cookie",
            "ingredients": ["flour", "sugar", "butter", "chocolate chips"],
            "instructions": "Step 1: Preheat Oven to 375",
            "category": "Cookies"
        },
        {
            "name": "vanilla cake",
            "ingredients": ["flour", "egg", "milk", "vanilla extract"],
            "instructions": "Step 1: Preheat Oven to 350",
            "category": "Cakes"
        }
    ]
}

注：将食材改为数组格式，便于后续匹配判断。

第二步：优化Python代码 #

原代码存在重复导入模块、重复读取文件的问题，且未实现食材匹配逻辑。以下是修正后的完整代码：

import json

# 一次性读取食谱数据
with open('cookbook.json', 'r') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

response = input("are you looking for recipes with ingredients on hand (if so please enter 'ingredients') or are you looking for something to cook/bake? (if so please enter 'Cook/Bake')\n")

if response == "ingredients":
    print("please enter ingredients")
    ingredients_input = input("enter ingredients separated by commas: ")
    # 处理输入食材，去除空格并统一小写，避免匹配偏差
    ingredients = [ing.strip().lower() for ing in ingredients_input.split(",")]
    
    matched_recipes = []
    # 遍历所有食谱进行匹配
    for recipe in data["Recipes"]:
        recipe_ingredients = [ing.lower() for ing in recipe["ingredients"]]
        # 检查输入食材是否有至少一个存在于当前食谱中
        if any(ing in recipe_ingredients for ing in ingredients):
            matched_recipes.append(recipe["name"])
    
    # 输出匹配结果
    if matched_recipes:
        print("Matching recipes:")
        for name in matched_recipes:
            print(f"- {name}")
    else:
        print("No recipes found with the entered ingredients.")

代码关键优化点 #

• 将模块导入和文件读取放在循环外，避免重复操作提升效率
• 处理输入的食材格式，消除空格和大小写差异对匹配的影响
• 使用any()函数快速判断食材匹配关系
• 收集并统一输出所有匹配的食谱名称，无匹配时给出提示

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Cherrypie Delight