Gradle版本与插件更新报错求助：旧Android项目升级问题

我维护一个老旧Android项目，Gradle版本和插件均已严重过时。尝试将二者升级至最新版本时出现大量配置错误，核心问题为无法解析com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.1，存在Java版本兼容、插件API版本不匹配等冲突；同时项目出现AppCompatActivity无法解析的报错，但应用可正常运行，且无法使用ConstraintLayout等新特性。

错误日志 #

A problem occurred configuring root project 'android_calorie_counter-master'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':classpath'.
   > Could not resolve com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.1.
     Required by:
         project :
      > No matching variant of com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.1 was found. The consumer was configured to find a library for use during runtime, compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally, as well as attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '8.0.2' but:
          - Variant 'apiElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.1 declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component for use during compile-time, compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component for use during runtime, compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.0.2')
          - Variant 'javadocElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.1 declares a component for use during runtime, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.0.2')
          - Variant 'runtimeElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.1 declares a library for use during runtime, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component, compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component, compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.0.2')
          - Variant 'sourcesElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.1 declares a component for use during runtime, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.0.2')

* Try:
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Exception is:
org.gradle.api.ProjectConfigurationException: A problem occurred configuring root project 'android_calorie_counter-master'.
    at org.gradle.configuration.project.LifecycleProjectEvaluator.wrapException(LifecycleProjectEvaluator.java:84)
...

项目相关配置 #

app模块build.gradle配置 #

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 27
    buildToolsVersion "27.0.3"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.vladnamik.developer"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 33
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    api fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    api 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.1+'
    api 'com.android.support:design:27.1.1'
}

gradle.properties配置 #

# Project-wide Gradle settings.

# IDE (e.g. Android Studio) users:
# Gradle settings configured through the IDE *will override*
# any settings specified in this file.

# For more details on how to configure your build environment visit
# http://www.gradle.org/docs/current/userguide/build_environment.html

# Specifies the JVM arguments used for the daemon process.
# The setting is particularly useful for tweaking memory settings.
# Default value: -Xmx10248m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m
# org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8

# When configured, Gradle will run in incubating parallel mode.
# This option should only be used with decoupled projects. More details, visit
# http://www.gradle.org/docs/current/userguide/multi_project_builds.html#sec:decoupled_projects
# org.gradle.parallel=true

gradle-wrapper.properties配置 #

#Sat Mar 04 19:19:57 IST 2023
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-4.8.1-bin.zip
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME

1. 匹配Gradle与Android Gradle插件版本 #

错误日志显示你用Gradle 8.0.2（插件API版本8.0.2）拉取AGP 7.4.1，二者版本不兼容。AGP 7.4.1需搭配Gradle 7.5：
修改gradle-wrapper.properties的distributionUrl：

distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5-bin.zip

2. 调整Java版本兼容 #

AGP 7.0+要求Java 11，需在项目根目录build.gradle添加配置：

buildscript {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.1'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

tasks.withType(JavaCompile) {
    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
}

同时在gradle.properties指定Java 11路径（或在Android Studio的File > Project Structure > SDK Location设置Embedded JDK 11）：

org.gradle.java.home=/path/to/your/java11/jdk

3. 迁移到AndroidX解决API解析与新特性问题 #

旧Support库无法兼容新特性，需迁移到AndroidX：

• 在gradle.properties添加：

android.useAndroidX=true
android.enableJetifier=true

• 修改app模块build.gradle依赖：

dependencies {
    api fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    api 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
    api 'com.google.android.material:material:1.9.0'
    // 添加ConstraintLayout依赖
    api 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
}

4. 更新编译配置 #

升级compileSdkVersion到33，移除buildToolsVersion（AGP 7.0+自动匹配），添加Java编译选项：

android {
    compileSdkVersion 33

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.vladnamik.developer"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 33
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11
    }
}

5. 同步与清理项目 #

• 点击Android Studio右上角Sync Project with Gradle Files按钮
• 执行Build > Clean Project，再执行Build > Rebuild Project

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者PCAPS