Nuxt.js 2 SSR部署Firebase Functions时ES模块兼容问题

我正尝试将Nuxt.js(2) SSR应用部署至Firebase Hosting/Functions，只要不在functions/src/index.ts中引入nuxt.config.ts就能成功部署，但我需要用到nuxt.config.ts中的元标签等配置。

初始代码 #

以下是我的functions/src/index.js文件（本质是Firebase针对.ts+nuxt导入的默认启动文件）：

const { Nuxt } = require('nuxt-start')
const functions = require('firebase-functions')
const nuxtConfig = require('./../nuxt.config.ts')

const config = {
  ...nuxtConfig,
  dev: false,
  debug: false,
}

const nuxt = new Nuxt(config)

exports.ssrapp = functions.https.onRequest(async (req: any, res: any) => {
  await nuxt.ready()
  nuxt.render(req, res)
})

尝试过程及错误 #

尝试1：调整nuxt.config.ts的导出方式 #

不管在nuxt.config.ts中使用module.exports = { ... }还是export default { ... }，都会返回以下错误：

Error: Failed to load function definition from source: Failed to generate manifest from function source: SyntaxError: Cannot use import statement outside a module

尝试2：添加"type": "module"到functions/package.json #

在functions/package.json中添加"type": "module"（修改根目录package.json无效），得到错误：

Error: Failed to load function definition from source: Failed to generate manifest from function source: ReferenceError: require is not defined in ES module scope, you can use import instead
This file is being treated as an ES module because it has a '.js' file extension and 'path/to/my/project/functions/package.json' contains "type": "module". To treat it as a CommonJS script, rename it to use the '.cjs' file extension.

尝试将nuxt.config.ts中的export default改为module.exports = { ... }，仍出现相同错误。

尝试3：改用import导入nuxt.config #

将导入方式改为import * as nuxtConfig from './../nuxt.config'，同时保留nuxt.config.ts中的module.exports = { ... }，未成功，生成的代码一致，还在functions/lib内创建了src目录，使项目结构更复杂。

尝试4：恢复nuxt.config.ts的export default #

将nuxt.config.ts改回export default { ... }并保留import * as nuxtConfig from './../nuxt.config'，再次返回错误：

Error: Failed to load function definition from source: Failed to generate manifest from function source: ReferenceError: require is not defined in ES module scope, you can use import instead
This file is being treated as an ES module because it has a '.js' file extension and 'path/to/my/project/Doyban-Website/functions/package.json' contains "type": "module". To treat it as a CommonJS script, rename it to use the '.cjs' file extension.

尝试5：全用import语法 #

在functions/index.ts中全部使用import：

import * as functions from 'firebase-functions'
// @ts-ignore
import Nuxt from 'nuxt-start'
import * as nuxtConfig from './../nuxt.config'

const config = {
  ...nuxtConfig,
  dev: false,
  debug: false,
}

const nuxt = new Nuxt(config)

exports.ssrapp = functions.https.onRequest(async (req: any, res: any) => {
  await nuxt.ready()
  nuxt.render(req, res)
})

结果仍出现相同错误：

Error: Failed to load function definition from source: Failed to generate manifest from function source: ReferenceError: require is not defined in ES module scope, you can use import instead
This file is being treated as an ES module because it has a '.js' file extension and 'path/to/my/project/Doyban-Website/functions/package.json' contains "type": "module". To treat it as a CommonJS script, rename it to use the '.cjs' file extension.

我毫无头绪:-(

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Daniel Danielecki