Jenkins运行RobotFramework脚本失败求助

在AWS Linux服务器部署的Jenkins上执行RobotFramework脚本时，.robot文件任务持续失败，已尝试StackOverflow同类问题方案但未解决，需求是成功运行*.robot脚本。

详细信息 #

1. Robot脚本内容 #

*** Settings ***
Documentation   Basic Test
Library    SeleniumLibrary

*** Variables ***
#${result}    /opt/google/chrome/chrome
${Browser}    chrome
${options}    binary_location = '/opt/google/chrome/chrome'

*** Test Cases *** 
Abrir web Pangea
    Open Browser    url=https://www.google.com/    browser=${Browser}   options=${options}
    Close All Browsers

2. Jenkins构建步骤 #

robot --outputdir results --nostatusrc Test/basic_2.robot

3. 控制台错误信息 #

[Robot_QA_Executions] $ /bin/sh -xe /tmp/jenkins3290544249294601087.sh
+ robot --outputdir results --nostatusrc Test/basic_2.robot
==============================================================================
Basic 2 :: Basic Test                                                         
==============================================================================
Abrir web Pangea                                                      | FAIL |
WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally.
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic 2 :: Basic Test                                                 | FAIL |
1 test, 0 passed, 1 failed
==============================================================================

4. 可正常运行的Python Selenium脚本对比 #

脚本内容

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import time

# Ruta del controlador de Chrome
webdriver.ChromeOptions.binary_location = '/opt/google/chrome/chrome'

# Opciones para el navegador
ChromeOptions = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
ChromeOptions.add_argument('--headless')

# Crea una instancia del navegador Chrome
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=ChromeOptions)

# Navega a la pagina web de Google Espana
driver.get("https://www.google.es")
print("google abierto")
time.sleep(2)
driver.get("https://pangea.es/")
print("pangea abierto")

# Cierra el navegador
time.sleep(10)
driver.quit()
print("fin del test")

Jenkins构建步骤

#!/usr/bin/env python3  ./Test/ejemplo_Python_2.py

5. 环境信息 #

$ /opt/google/chrome/chrome --version
Google Chrome 110.0.5481.177

$ chromedriver --version
Starting ChromeDriver 110.0.5481.77 (65ed616c6e8ee3fe0ad64fe83796c020644d42af-refs/branch-heads/5481@{#839}) on port 9515

pip (9.0.3)
Pygments (2.14.0)
robotframework (6.0.2)
robotframework-datadriver (1.6.1)
robotframework-pythonlibcore (3.0.0)
robotframework-seleniumlibrary (6.0.0)
selenium (3.141.0)
setuptools (39.2.0)
urllib3 (1.26.14)

额外尝试 #

使用Create Webdriver关键字替代Open Browser，仍报错：

WebDriverException: Message: Service /opt/google/chrome/chrome unexpectedly exited. Status code was: 1

解决方案 #

问题根源在于Robot脚本中Chrome参数配置错误：

1. 原脚本将options设为字符串，而非实际的ChromeOptions对象
2. 缺少Linux无头环境下运行Chrome的必要参数（如--headless、--no-sandbox等）

修改后的Robot脚本如下：

*** Settings ***
Documentation   Basic Test
Library    SeleniumLibrary

*** Variables ***
${Browser}    chrome
${ChromeBinary}    /opt/google/chrome/chrome

*** Test Cases *** 
Abrir web Pangea
    # 创建ChromeOptions实例
    ${chrome_options}=    Evaluate    sys.modules['selenium.webdriver'].ChromeOptions()    sys, selenium.webdriver
    # 添加无头模式参数（适配Chrome 110+版本）
    Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --headless=new
    # 解决Linux权限问题
    Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --no-sandbox
    # 解决/dev/shm内存不足问题
    Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --disable-dev-shm-usage
    # 设置Chrome二进制文件路径
    Call Method    ${chrome_options}    set_binary_location    ${ChromeBinary}
    # 打开浏览器
    Open Browser    url=https://www.google.com/    browser=${Browser}    options=${chrome_options}
    Close All Browsers

修改说明 #

• 通过Evaluate关键字直接创建Selenium的ChromeOptions对象，而非字符串变量
• 添加--headless=new启用无头模式（Linux服务器无图形界面必须配置）
• --no-sandbox绕过Chrome的沙箱机制，解决Jenkins运行时的权限限制
• --disable-dev-shm-usage避免Linux系统中/dev/shm分区内存不足导致Chrome崩溃
• 用Call Method正确设置Chrome二进制文件路径

保持原Jenkins构建步骤不变，重新执行即可成功运行脚本。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pablo Gamazo