已安装C编译器，但bcrypt_elixir与Argon2仍无法正常工作求助

我用Macbook M1 Pro学习Elixir和Phoenix，尝试用bcrypt_elixir或argon2加密密码，但在iex -S mix中调用相关函数时，终端报错：

Bcrypt.Base.hash_password("hard to guess", Bcrypt.Base.gen_salt(12, true))
[error] Process #PID<0.610.0> raised an exception
** (RuntimeError) An error occurred when loading Bcrypt.
Make sure you have a C compiler and Erlang 20 installed.
If you are not using Erlang 20, either upgrade to Erlang 20 or
use version 0.12 of bcrypt_elixir.
See the Comeonin wiki for more information.

    (bcrypt_elixir 3.0.1) lib/bcrypt/base.ex:15: Bcrypt.Base.init/0
    (kernel 8.5.2) code_server.erl:1317: anonymous fn/1 in :code_server.handle_on_load/5
[warning] The on_load function for module Elixir.Bcrypt.Base returned:
{%RuntimeError{
   message: "An error occurred when loading Bcrypt.
Make sure you have a C compiler and Erlang 20 installed.
If you are not using Erlang 20, either upgrade to Erlang 20 or
use version 0.12 of bcrypt_elixir.
See the Comeonin wiki for more information.
"
 },
 [
   {Bcrypt.Base, :init, 0,
    [file: 'lib/bcrypt/base.ex', line: 15, error_info: %{...}]},
   {:code_server, :"handle_on_load/5-fun-0-", 1,
    [file: 'code_server.erl', line: 1317]}
 ]}

我已经验证C编译器和make已安装：

gcc --version
Apple clang version 13.1.6 (clang-1316.0.21.2.5)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin22.3.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
❯ make --version
GNU Make 3.81
Copyright (C) 2006  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program built for i386-apple-darwin11.3.0

同时尝试了bcrypt_elixir和argon2两个库，均出现类似错误。

我的Elixir和Erlang版本：

elixir -v
Erlang/OTP 25 [erts-13.1.3] [source] [64-bit] [smp:10:10] [ds:10:10:10] [async-threads:1] [jit] [dtrace]

Elixir 1.14.2 (compiled with Erlang/OTP 25)

解决方案 #

1. 切换到原生ARM终端 #

你的clang显示Target为x86_64-apple-darwin22.3.0，说明终端可能在Rosetta 2模式下运行，M1芯片需要原生ARM环境：

• 打开Finder找到「终端.app」，右键选择「显示简介」，取消勾选「使用Rosetta打开」
• 重启终端后，执行mix deps.compile bcrypt_elixir --force重新编译依赖

2. 安装完整Xcode命令行工具 #

执行以下命令安装/更新Xcode命令行工具：

xcode-select --install

安装完成后重启终端，清理并重新编译依赖：

mix deps.clean bcrypt_elixir
mix deps.get
mix deps.compile

3. 确保Erlang为ARM架构版本 #

如果用Homebrew安装Erlang，先卸载再重新安装原生ARM版本：

brew uninstall erlang
brew install erlang

如果用asdf管理版本，确保asdf是ARM版本，然后重新安装Erlang和Elixir：

asdf uninstall erlang 25.1.3
asdf uninstall elixir 1.14.2
asdf install erlang 25.1.3
asdf install elixir 1.14.2
asdf global erlang 25.1.3 elixir 1.14.2

之后清理并重新编译所有依赖：

mix deps.clean --all
mix deps.get
mix deps.compile

4. 强制指定ARM架构编译 #

如果上述方法无效，编译时直接指定ARM64架构：

ARCH=arm64 mix deps.compile bcrypt_elixir --force

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vagner Wentz