如何删除Git仓库过往提交中的无用大文件？

问题场景 #

我的Git仓库因多次误提交大文件导致体积过大：

$ du -sh .git/objects
1.3G    .git/objects

通过脚本检测出以下无用大文件：

$ sh git_find_big.sh
All sizes are in kB's. The pack column is the size of the object, compressed, inside the pack file.
-e         size       pack                                      SHA                                                            location
810409984  495862913  4bb4caef2a85833bdf6f00bb9d85336db461c0f9  w2v_model/chive-1.2-mc90.magnitude
578685728  537201063  3f99a664faebd9230183c41d07afd82ca00ca798  w2v_model/chive-1.2-mc90_gensim/chive-1.2-mc90.kv.vectors.npy
223313372  89641673   ff6eabe882f56f49756e00ed09b36e872bd522ee  w2v_model/ja/ja.tsv
60129680   55860848   efd88223905b1c814fd3799dbb29a76c7f5cfd73  w2v_model/ja/ja.bin.syn1neg.npy
60129680   55853784   ffc4ab2e30bc8ffec6f6c024ac2003b78fc5e72d  w2v_model/ja/ja.bin.syn0.npy
57033294   54522375   a83910c4160775c3c9cb09f61ce0e53ecb2dca8e  static/defapp/assets/accompaniment.wav

尝试删除单个文件时，因存在未暂存更改导致命令失败，仓库体积无变化：

$ git filter-branch --index-filter 'git rm -r --cached --ignore-unmatch w2v_model/chive-1.2-mc90.magnitude' -- --all

WARNING: git-filter-branch has a glut of gotchas generating mangled history
     rewrites.  Hit Ctrl-C before proceeding to abort, then use an
     alternative filtering tool such as 'git filter-repo'
     instead.  See the filter-branch manual page for more details; to squelch this warning,
     set FILTER_BRANCH_SQUELCH_WARNING=1.
Proceeding with filter-branch...

Cannot rewrite branches: You have unstaged changes.

$ du -sh .git/objects
1.3G    .git/objects

解决步骤 #

1. 处理未暂存更改
   先提交或 stash 本地未暂存的修改，确保工作区处于干净状态。

2. 重写仓库历史，删除目标文件/目录
   执行git filter-branch命令重写所有分支的历史，删除目标目录（此处示例删除整个w2v_model目录）：

$ git filter-branch -f --index-filter 'git rm -r --cached --ignore-unmatch w2v_model' -- --all  
WARNING: git-filter-branch has a glut of gotchas generating mangled history
     rewrites.  Hit Ctrl-C before proceeding to abort, then use an
     alternative filtering tool such as 'git filter-repo'
     instead.  See the filter-branch manual page for more details; to squelch this warning,
     set FILTER_BRANCH_SQUELCH_WARNING=1.
Proceeding with filter-branch...

Rewrite 01787ee7aec64ee385de2127c23d08fb3ab2c9c8 (76/149) (7 seconds passed, remaining 6 predicted)    rm 'w2v_model/.DS_Store'
rm 'w2v_model/ja/ja.bin'

3. 清理旧的引用和垃圾文件
   执行以下命令清理过期的引用并彻底删除无用的Git对象：

$ git reflog expire --expire=now --all
$ git gc --prune=now

4. 验证结果
   检查仓库体积，确认已成功减小：

du -sh .git/objects                 
343M    .git/objects

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者whitebear