如何在GitHub Action中仅获取PR最新提交的变更文件？

调整现有tj-actions/changed-files配置解决问题 #

默认情况下，该Action在PR触发时会对比PR目标分支与源分支的全量差异，要获取仅最新提交的变更文件，需修改配置指定对比范围：

on: pull_request 
jobs:
  get-latest-changes:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0  # 拉取完整提交历史，确保能访问到上一次提交
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}  # 切换到PR源分支

      - name: 获取最新提交的变更文件
        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v35
        id: changed-files
        with:
          base_sha: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}~1  # 最新提交的父提交
          head_sha: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}     # PR源分支的最新提交

      - name: 输出变更文件
        run: echo "变更文件列表：${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.all_changed_files }}"

替代方案推荐 #

1. 直接用Git命令（无需第三方Action）

如果不想依赖第三方Action，可直接通过Git命令获取变更文件：

on: pull_request 
jobs:
  get-latest-changes:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 2  # 仅需拉取最近2次提交即可对比
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}

      - name: 提取变更文件
        id: changed-files
        run: |
          # 将变更文件列表转为空格分隔的字符串存入输出变量
          echo "all_changed_files=$(git diff --name-only HEAD~1 HEAD | tr '\n' ' ')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

      - name: 输出变更文件
        run: echo "变更文件列表：${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.all_changed_files }}"

2. 使用dorny/paths-filter Action

该Action不仅能获取变更文件，还支持按路径过滤，适合需要针对性执行后续逻辑的场景：

on: pull_request 
jobs:
  check-changes:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 2
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}

      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v2
        id: filter
        with:
          base: HEAD~1
          head: HEAD
          filters: |
            src_files:
              - 'src/**/*'
            docs_files:
              - 'docs/**/*'

      - name: 若源码变更则执行
        if: steps.filter.outputs.src_files == 'true'
        run: echo "源码目录有变更，执行编译逻辑"

      - name: 若文档变更则执行
        if: steps.filter.outputs.docs_files == 'true'
        run: echo "文档目录有变更，执行部署逻辑"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ABHILASHA