Edge浏览器IE模式自动化脚本最小化/锁屏时启动失败求助

问题场景 #

使用Edge浏览器的IE模式测试Web自动化脚本，搭配32位4.8.1版本IEDriver与Selenium 4.0.1。脚本在正常窗口状态下运行无异常，但屏幕最小化或锁屏时，浏览器会卡在初始化页面，抛出SessionNotCreatedException超时错误。

相关代码 #

public class AlertPopUp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "D:\\AlertPopUp\\IEDriverServer.exe");

        RemoteWebDriver driver = null;

        try {
        
            InternetExplorerOptions ieOptions = new InternetExplorerOptions();
            
            ieOptions.attachToEdgeChrome();
            ieOptions.withEdgeExecutablePath("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft\\Edge\\Application\\msedge.exe");
            ieOptions.requireWindowFocus();
            ieOptions.setCapability("ignoreProtectedModeSettings", true);
            ieOptions.ignoreZoomSettings();
            ieOptions.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession();
            ieOptions.setCapability (InternetExplorerDriver.ENABLE_PERSISTENT_HOVERING, false) ;
            ieOptions.setCapability ("disable-popup-blocking", true);
            driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(ieOptions);
            driver.manage().window().maximize();
            driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
            
            driver.quit();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

报错信息 #

Started InternetExplorerDriver server (32-bit)
4.8.1.0
Listening on port 29726
Only local connections are allowed
org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure.
Host info: host: 'AJAX', ip: '192.168.0.106'
Build info: version: '4.8.0', revision: '267030adea'
System info: os.name: 'Windows 11', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '17.0.4.1'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver
Command: [null, newSession {capabilities=[Capabilities {browserName: internet explorer, disable-popup-blocking: true, se:ieOptions: {enablePersistentHover: false, ie.edgechromium: true, ie.edgepath: C:\Program Files (x86)\Micr..., ignoreProtectedModeSettings: true, ignoreZoomSetting: true, requireWindowFocus: true}}], desiredCapabilities=Capabilities {browserName: internet explorer, disable-popup-blocking: true, se:ieOptions: {enablePersistentHover: false, ie.edgechromium: true, ie.edgepath: C:\Program Files (x86)\Micr..., ignoreProtectedModeSettings: true, ignoreZoomSetting: true, requireWindowFocus: true}}}
Capabilities {}
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:561)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:229)
at org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver.run(InternetExplorerDriver.java:153)
at org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver.(InternetExplorerDriver.java:140)
at org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver.(InternetExplorerDriver.java:117)
at testpopup.AlertPopUp.main(AlertPopUp.java:42)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: NettyHttpHandler request execution error
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyHttpHandler.makeCall(NettyHttpHandler.java:76)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AddSeleniumUserAgent.lambda$apply$0(AddSeleniumUserAgent.java:42)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter.lambda$andFinally$1(Filter.java:56)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyHttpHandler.execute(NettyHttpHandler.java:49)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AddSeleniumUserAgent.lambda$apply$0(AddSeleniumUserAgent.java:42)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter.lambda$andFinally$1(Filter.java:56)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyClient.execute(NettyClient.java:99)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:124)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:106)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:67)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:156)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.invokeExecute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:167)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:142)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:543)
... 5 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: Request timeout to localhost/127.0.0.1:29726 after 180000 ms
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.reportGet(CompletableFuture.java:396)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.get(CompletableFuture.java:2096)
at org.asynchttpclient.netty.NettyResponseFuture.get(NettyResponseFuture.java:206)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyHttpHandler.makeCall(NettyHttpHandler.java:59)
... 18 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: Request timeout to localhost/127.0.0.1:29726 after 180000 ms
at org.asynchttpclient.netty.timeout.TimeoutTimerTask.expire(TimeoutTimerTask.java:43)
at org.asynchttpclient.netty.timeout.RequestTimeoutTimerTask.run(RequestTimeoutTimerTask.java:50)
at io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer$HashedWheelTimeout.run(HashedWheelTimer.java:715)
at io.netty.util.concurrent.ImmediateExecutor.execute(ImmediateExecutor.java:34)
at io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer$HashedWheelTimeout.expire(HashedWheelTimer.java:703)
at io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer$HashedWheelBucket.expireTimeouts(HashedWheelTimer.java:790)
at io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer$Worker.run(HashedWheelTimer.java:503)
at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)

浏览器卡住状态截图 #

解决方案 #

1. 移除requireWindowFocus()配置 #

代码中启用的ieOptions.requireWindowFocus()要求浏览器必须获得前台窗口焦点才能交互，锁屏或最小化时系统会剥夺焦点，导致IEDriver无法完成会话初始化。修改代码：

// 注释或删除该行
// ieOptions.requireWindowFocus();

2. 启用Edge无头模式适配 #

添加Edge无头模式参数，避免窗口状态影响脚本运行：

ieOptions.addArguments("--headless=new");
ieOptions.addArguments("--disable-gpu");

3. 调整系统电源设置 #

若必须保留焦点需求，修改Windows电源设置防止锁屏时关闭显示：

• 打开「控制面板」→「电源选项」→「更改计划设置」→「更改高级电源设置」
• 展开「显示」→「控制台锁定显示关闭超时」，设置为0（永不关闭）

4. 使用虚拟/远程桌面会话 #

通过Hyper-V虚拟机或远程桌面运行脚本，虚拟会话中的桌面始终保持活跃，不会因本地锁屏失去焦点。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者340- Surwade Ajay Mukund