Ubuntu22.04下CMake编译TigerVNC时无法检测到已安装的PAM开发文件

问题描述 #

在Ubuntu 22.04 LTS系统上使用CMake 3.22.1从源码编译TigerVNC 1.13.0，已满足绝大多数依赖项，但编译失败并报错**"Could not find PAM development files"**。已安装libpam0g-dev包，且确认目标PAM开发文件位于/usr/include/security/pam_appl.h，需要让CMake正确识别这些文件。

编译错误日志 #

Determining if files security/pam_appl.h exist failed with the following output:
Change Dir: /usr/local/src/tigervnc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp

Run Build Command(s):/usr/bin/gmake -f Makefile cmTC_da0c0/fast && /usr/bin/gmake  -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_da0c0.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_da0c0.dir/build
gmake[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/src/tigervnc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_da0c0.dir/HAVE_PAM_H.c.o
/usr/bin/cc   -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wvla  -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_da0c0.dir/HAVE_PAM_H.c.o -c /usr/local/src/tigervnc/CMakeFiles/CheckIncludeFiles/HAVE_PAM_H.c
/usr/local/src/tigervnc/CMakeFiles/CheckIncludeFiles/HAVE_PAM_H.c:2:10: fatal error: security/pam_appl.h: No such file or directory
    2 | #include <security/pam_appl.h>
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
gmake[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/cmTC_da0c0.dir/build.make:78: CMakeFiles/cmTC_da0c0.dir/HAVE_PAM_H.c.o] Error 1
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/tigervnc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
gmake: *** [Makefile:127: cmTC_da0c0/fast] Error 2


Source:
/* */
#include <security/pam_appl.h>


int main(void){return 0;}

Determining if the function pam_start exists failed with the following output:
Change Dir: /usr/local/src/tigervnc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp

Run Build Command(s):/usr/bin/gmake -f Makefile cmTC_4a751/fast && /usr/bin/gmake  -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_4a751.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_4a751.dir/build
gmake[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/src/tigervnc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_4a751.dir/CheckFunctionExists.c.o
/usr/bin/cc   -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wvla -DCHECK_FUNCTION_EXISTS=pam_start -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_4a751.dir/CheckFunctionExists.c.o -c /usr/share/cmake-3.22/Modules/CheckFunctionExists.c
Linking C executable cmTC_4a751
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/cmTC_4a751.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/cc  -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wvla -DCHECK_FUNCTION_EXISTS=pam_start CMakeFiles/cmTC_4a751.dir/CheckFunctionExists.c.o -o cmTC_4a751  -lpam
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpam: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
gmake[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/cmTC_4a751.dir/build.make:99: cmTC_4a751] Error 1
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/tigervnc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
gmake: *** [Makefile:127: cmTC_4a751/fast] Error 2

解决方法 #

1. 手动指定PAM路径给CMake #

执行CMake配置时，直接指定PAM的头文件目录和库路径：

cmake -DCMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/security -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu ..

• CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH：告诉CMake去哪里查找PAM头文件
• CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH：指定PAM库文件（libpam.so）的所在路径，64位Ubuntu系统通常在/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu

2. 直接指定PAM的具体路径参数 #

如果上述方法无效，可以强制指定PAM的头文件目录和库文件路径：

cmake -DPAM_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/security -DPAM_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpam.so ..

3. 检查架构匹配性 #

确认系统架构与安装的libpam0g-dev版本匹配：

dpkg -L libpam0g-dev | grep libpam.so

输出应为/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpam.so（64位系统），如果是32位系统则路径为/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpam.so

4. 清理CMake缓存后重新配置 #

之前的CMake缓存可能导致识别错误，先清理再重新运行配置：

rm -rf CMakeFiles CMakeCache.txt
# 然后执行上述任意一种CMake配置命令
cmake -DCMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/security -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu ..

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Johnny B