如何为R语言表格行自动生成6个随机数值（替代手动指定）

我希望无需逐个指定数值，就能为表格中的行生成6个随机数。目前我已手动为“Heather”和“Laurel”两行填写了固定数值，现寻求通过代码自动生成对应随机数的实现方式，当前使用的R语言代码如下：

student_names = c("Henry", "Cat", "Shelby", "Eren", "Eva", "Carter", "Dustin")
n_students <- length(student_names)

grades <- tibble(
  name = student_names,
  HW1 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 80, sd = 2) %>% round(0),
  HW2 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 80, sd = 5) %>% round(0),
  HW3 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 90, sd = 8) %>% round(0),
  HW4 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 60, sd = 10) %>% round(0),
  HW5 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 80, sd = 10) %>% round(0),
  HW6 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 90, sd = 5) %>% round(0)
)

grades <- rbind(grades, list("Heather", 100, 100, 100, 92, 95, 99))
grades <- rbind(grades, list("Laurel", 100, 100, 100, 100, 99, 105))

方法1：一次性生成所有学生的随机成绩 #

把Heather和Laurel加入学生名单，直接批量生成所有成绩，彻底避免手动输入固定值：

library(tibble)
library(dplyr)

# 包含所有学生的完整名单
student_names <- c("Henry", "Cat", "Shelby", "Eren", "Eva", "Carter", "Dustin", "Heather", "Laurel")
n_students <- length(student_names)

grades <- tibble(
  name = student_names,
  HW1 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 80, sd = 2) %>% round(0),
  HW2 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 80, sd = 5) %>% round(0),
  HW3 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 90, sd = 8) %>% round(0),
  HW4 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 60, sd = 10) %>% round(0),
  HW5 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 80, sd = 10) %>% round(0),
  HW6 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 90, sd = 5) %>% round(0)
)

方法2：分步添加指定学生的随机成绩 #

如果需要保留先生成部分学生、再补充Heather和Laurel的逻辑，推荐用add_row()（tidyverse标准方法，避免rbind()导致的类型转换问题），为两个学生单独生成随机成绩：

library(tibble)
library(dplyr)

student_names <- c("Henry", "Cat", "Shelby", "Eren", "Eva", "Carter", "Dustin")
n_students <- length(student_names)

grades <- tibble(
  name = student_names,
  HW1 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 80, sd = 2) %>% round(0),
  HW2 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 80, sd = 5) %>% round(0),
  HW3 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 90, sd = 8) %>% round(0),
  HW4 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 60, sd = 10) %>% round(0),
  HW5 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 80, sd = 10) %>% round(0),
  HW6 = rnorm(n_students, mean = 90, sd = 5) %>% round(0)
)

# 为Heather生成随机成绩并添加
grades <- grades %>%
  add_row(
    name = "Heather",
    HW1 = round(rnorm(1, 80, 2)),
    HW2 = round(rnorm(1, 80, 5)),
    HW3 = round(rnorm(1, 90, 8)),
    HW4 = round(rnorm(1, 60, 10)),
    HW5 = round(rnorm(1, 80, 10)),
    HW6 = round(rnorm(1, 90, 5))
  )

# 为Laurel生成随机成绩并添加
grades <- grades %>%
  add_row(
    name = "Laurel",
    HW1 = round(rnorm(1, 80, 2)),
    HW2 = round(rnorm(1, 80, 5)),
    HW3 = round(rnorm(1, 90, 8)),
    HW4 = round(rnorm(1, 60, 10)),
    HW5 = round(rnorm(1, 80, 10)),
    HW6 = round(rnorm(1, 90, 5))
  )

额外提示 #

• 如果需要Heather和Laurel的成绩有不同的均值/标准差，直接修改对应rnorm()的参数即可；
• 可以在代码开头添加set.seed(123)（数字可自定义），固定随机种子，保证每次运行生成的随机数完全一致。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Beginner Coder