Flink单元测试SLF4J与Log4j2依赖冲突致NoSuchMethodError

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2026-7-28

Flink单元测试日志异常：引入flink-test-utils后SLF4J无法初始化

我正在开发Apache Flink作业，运行时默认使用Log4j2作为日志实现，通过SLF4J作为日志门面保证框架灵活性。作业在Flink集群运行时日志输出正常，但用JUnit5执行单元测试时，IntelliJ中完全看不到日志输出。

为方便调试，单元测试必须能查看日志语句，我已制作了最小化复现项目。

问题说明

定位到问题源于引入org.apache.flink:flink-test-utils:1.16.1依赖，触发以下NoSuchMethodError异常，导致日志框架初始化失败：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'void org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory.<init>(org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jMarkerFactory)'
    at org.apache.logging.slf4j.SLF4JServiceProvider.initialize(SLF4JServiceProvider.java:54)
    at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.bind(LoggerFactory.java:183)
    at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.performInitialization(LoggerFactory.java:170)
    at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getProvider(LoggerFactory.java:455)
    at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory(LoggerFactory.java:441)
    at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerFactory.java:390)
    at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerFactory.java:416)
    at bmw.pcmasfd.zip.flink.udf.BuildGroupContextTest.<clinit>(BuildGroupContextTest.java:27)
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:315)

环境信息

IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.3 RC (Ultimate Edition)
Java版本: 11.0.18 (Azul)
Flink版本: 1.16.1

pom.xml（v1）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>minimal-logging-example</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

        <flink.version>1.16.1</flink.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.26</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Flink -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-streaming-java</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-runtime</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-core</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- TESTING -->
        <!--
        only including this dependency leads to:
        java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'void org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory.<init>(org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jMarkerFactory)'
        -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-test-utils</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
      
        <!-- Logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.17.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j2-impl</artifactId>
            <version>2.20.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Testing -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.9.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.skyscreamer</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsonassert</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

编辑补充：pom.xml（v2）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>minimal-logging-example</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

        <flink.version>1.16.1</flink.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j-bom</artifactId>
                <version>2.20.0</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.26</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Flink -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-streaming-java</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-runtime</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-core</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- TESTING -->
        <!--
        only including this dependency leads to:
        java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'void org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory.<init>(org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jMarkerFactory)'
        -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-test-utils</artifactId>
            <version>${flink.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <!--
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-test-utils-junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-streaming-java</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <classifier>tests</classifier>
        </dependency>
        -->

        <!-- Logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j2-impl</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Testing -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.9.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.skyscreamer</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsonassert</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Peter C. Glade

Flink单元测试SLF4J与Log4j2依赖冲突致NoSuchMethodError

问题说明 #

环境信息 #

pom.xml（v1） #

编辑补充：pom.xml（v2） #

问题说明

环境信息

pom.xml（v1）

编辑补充：pom.xml（v2）