在Mac上用mingw32交叉编译Windows C++项目遇依赖及静态编译问题

我在macOS Big Sur系统上开发了一款基于SDL2和大量C11库的C游戏。使用x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc可编译出Windows平台的.exe文件，但运行该文件时提示缺少libstdc++-6.dll——SDL相关DLL可通过下载解决，但下载libstdc++-6.dll后运行仍出现更多错误。尝试添加-static编译选项，却出现大量“undefined reference to”链接错误。本地使用g++-12编译该项目可正常运行，现寻求解决libstdc++依赖问题或实现正确静态链接的方案。

当前使用的Makefile #

#OBJS specifies which files to compile as part of the project
OBJS = strategy.cpp

#CC specifies which compiler we're using x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc
CC = x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc

#INCLUDE_PATHS specifies the additional include paths we'll need
INCLUDE_PATHS = -I /Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/include/SDL2

#LIBRARY_PATHS specifies the additional library paths we'll need
LIBRARY_PATHS = -L /Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/lib

#COMPILER_FLAGS specifies the additional compilation options we're using
# -w suppresses all warnings
# -Wl,-subsystem,windows gets rid of the console window 
COMPILER_FLAGS = -w -Wl,-subsystem,windows

#LINKER_FLAGS specifies the libraries we're linking against
LINKER_FLAGS = -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_ttf -lSDL2_image -lstdc++ 

#OBJ_NAME specifies the name of our exectuable
OBJ_NAME = dukalop_win

#This is the target that compiles our executable
all : $(OBJS)
    $(CC) $(OBJS) $(INCLUDE_PATHS) $(LIBRARY_PATHS) $(COMPILER_FLAGS) $(LINKER_FLAGS) `/Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/bin/sdl2-config --cflags` `/Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/bin/sdl2-config --libs` -static-libstdc++ -static -o $(OBJ_NAME) 

已尝试的方案 #

• 下载libstdc++-6.dll：运行.exe时出现更多未知错误
• 添加-static编译选项：编译时出现大量链接错误，示例如下：

ld: /Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/lib/libSDL2.a(SDL_hidapi.o): in function `PLATFORM_hid_enumerate':
/Users/valve/release/SDL2/SDL2-2.26.4-source/foo-x64/../src/hidapi/windows/hid.c:387: undefined reference to `__imp_SetupDiGetClassDevsA'
...
**many similar errors**
...
/opt/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld: /Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/lib/libSDL2_ttf.a(libSDL2_ttf_la-hb-uniscribe.o): in function `_hb_generate_unique_face_name':
/Users/valve/release/SDL_ttf/SDL2_ttf-2.20.2-source/foo-x64/../external/harfbuzz/src/hb-uniscribe.cc:306: undefined reference to `__imp_UuidCreate'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [all] Error 1

Mac本地正常编译命令 #

g++-12 strategy.cpp -o strategy -I /Library/Frameworks/SDL2.framework/Headers -F /Library/Frameworks -framework SDL2 -I /Library/Frameworks/SDL2_image.framework/Headers -F /Library/Frameworks -framework SDL2_image -I /Library/Frameworks/SDL2_ttf.framework/Headers -F /Library/Frameworks -framework SDL2_ttf -fopenmp -std=c++11 

解决方案 #

方案一：仅静态链接C++标准库（推荐） #

无需全静态链接，仅静态链接C++和GCC运行时库，避免分发libstdc++-6.dll，SDL等库仍使用动态链接：

1. 修改Makefile中的编译命令，移除-static，保留-static-libstdc++并添加-static-libgcc，同时补全本地编译用到的-fopenmp和-std=c++11：

all : $(OBJS)
    $(CC) $(OBJS) $(INCLUDE_PATHS) $(LIBRARY_PATHS) $(COMPILER_FLAGS) $(LINKER_FLAGS) `/Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/bin/sdl2-config --cflags` `/Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/bin/sdl2-config --libs` -static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc -fopenmp -std=c++11 -o $(OBJ_NAME)

2. 将以下文件与编译出的dukalop_win.exe放在同一目录：
   • SDL2.dll、SDL2_ttf.dll、SDL2_image.dll（从mingw_dev_lib的bin目录复制）
   • SDL_ttf依赖的libfreetype-6.dll、SDL_image依赖的libpng16-16.dll/libjpeg-9.dll等（若有）

方案二：全静态链接（需补充系统依赖库） #

若要实现完全静态链接，需补充SDL静态库依赖的Windows系统API库：

1. 修改Makefile的LINKER_FLAGS，添加缺失的系统库：

LINKER_FLAGS = -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_ttf -lSDL2_image -lstdc++ -lsetupapi -lrpcrt4 -lole32 -limm32 -ldinput8 -ldxguid -ldxerr8 -luser32 -lgdi32 -lwinmm -limm32 -lole32 -loleaut32 -lshell32 -lversion -luuid

2. 确保编译命令中保留-static，同时添加本地编译用的-fopenmp和-std=c++11：

all : $(OBJS)
    $(CC) $(OBJS) $(INCLUDE_PATHS) $(LIBRARY_PATHS) $(COMPILER_FLAGS) $(LINKER_FLAGS) `/Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/bin/sdl2-config --cflags` `/Users/jirnyak/Mirror/DND/mingw_dev_lib/bin/sdl2-config --libs` -static-libstdc++ -static -fopenmp -std=c++11 -o $(OBJ_NAME)

3. 确认mingw_dev_lib中的SDL库为静态版本（.a文件），而非动态导入库（.dll.a）

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者k-irsan_kaifatmailru