NodeJS/Express中app.use('/parse')报错：需中间件函数却获对象

我正在遵循parse-server安装指南，尝试用Node.js和Express部署parse-server，按指南写的服务器配置代码如下：

var express = require('express');
var ParseServer = require('parse-server').ParseServer;
var app = express();

var api = new ParseServer({
    databaseURI: 'postgres://postgres:myStrongPassword@localhost:5432/postgres',
    appId: 'app',
    masterKey: 'master',
    serverURL: 'http://www.example.com:1337/parse'
});

app.use('/parse', api);

var httpServer = require('http').createServer(app);

httpServer.listen(1337, function() {
    console.log('parse-server running on http://www.example.com:1337/parse');
});

执行node index.js启动服务器时，抛出错误：

/root/node_modules/express/lib/router/index.js:469
      throw new TypeError('Router.use() requires a middleware function but got a ' + gettype(fn))
      ^

TypeError: Router.use() requires a middleware function but got a Object
    at Function.use (/root/node_modules/express/lib/router/index.js:469:13)
    at Function.<anonymous> (/root/node_modules/express/lib/application.js:227:21)
    at Array.forEach (<anonymous>)
    at Function.use (/root/node_modules/express/lib/application.js:224:7)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/root/parse-test/index.js:12:5)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1254:14)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1308:10)
    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1117:32)
    at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:958:12)
    at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:81:12)

Node.js v18.14.2

这个错误的核心原因是：新版本的parse-server中，ParseServer实例不能直接作为Express中间件传入app.use()，需要调用实例的app属性来获取合法的Express中间件对象。

修改代码中的中间件挂载部分即可解决：

// 原代码
// app.use('/parse', api);

// 修改为
app.use('/parse', api.app);

完整修改后的代码：

var express = require('express');
var ParseServer = require('parse-server').ParseServer;
var app = express();

var api = new ParseServer({
    databaseURI: 'postgres://postgres:myStrongPassword@localhost:5432/postgres',
    appId: 'app',
    masterKey: 'master',
    serverURL: 'http://www.example.com:1337/parse'
});

// 关键修改：使用api.app作为中间件
app.use('/parse', api.app);

var httpServer = require('http').createServer(app);

httpServer.listen(1337, function() {
    console.log('parse-server running on http://www.example.com:1337/parse');
});

额外注意事项：

• parse-server 5.x及以上版本强制要求使用api.app挂载中间件，旧版本允许直接传入实例，这是版本差异导致的问题
• 如果修改后仍有异常，先确认依赖安装完整：

npm install express parse-server pg

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Another Dude