非Rails环境下ActiveRecord 5.2数据库迁移执行失败求助

问题背景 #

项目锁定在ActiveRecord 5.2.8.1，非Rails架构，迁移文件存放在自定义路径，执行迁移时触发参数错误。

执行迁移的代码 #

def self.migrations_path
  File.expand_path('../schema', __FILE__)
end

ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(migrations_path).migrate(5.2)

ActiveRecord 5.2.8.1报错信息 #

Failure/Error: ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(migrations_path).migrate(5.2)

ArgumentError:
  wrong number of arguments (given 5, expected 1..4)

完整堆栈跟踪 #

ArgumentError:
  wrong number of arguments (given 5, expected 1..4)
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-5.2.8.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb:263:in `initialize'
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-5.2.8.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements.rb:60:in `new'
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-5.2.8.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements.rb:60:in `create_table_definition'
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-5.2.8.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:291:in `create_table'
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-5.2.8.1/lib/active_record/schema_migration.rb:29:in `create_table'
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-5.2.8.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1187:in `initialize'
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-5.2.8.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1036:in `new'
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-5.2.8.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1036:in `up'
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/rsongkickuby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-5.2.8.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1017:in `migrate'
# ./lib/mycompany/oauth2/schema.rb:7:in `migrate'
# ./spec/spec_helper.rb:32:in `<top (required)>'

升级到ActiveRecord 6.0后的报错 #

Failure/Error: ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(migrations_path).migrate(6.0)

ArgumentError:
  wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
# /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.1/gems/activerecord-6.0.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1028:in `initialize'
# ./lib/mycompany/oauth2/schema.rb:7:in `new'
# ./lib/mycompany/oauth2/schema.rb:7:in `migrate'
# ./spec/spec_helper.rb:32:in `<top (required)>'

解决方案（ActiveRecord 5.2.8.1） #

核心错误原因 #

调用migrate(5.2)时传入的是浮点数，而ActiveRecord 5.2的migrate方法期望接收整数类型的迁移版本号，浮点数在内部调用链路中会被错误拆解为多个参数，最终触发create_table的参数数量不匹配错误。

1. 正确调用migrate方法 #

• 执行所有迁移到最新版本，直接调用无参migrate：

ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(migrations_path).migrate

• 指定迁移到某个具体版本（比如版本号为20240520120000的迁移），传入整数版本号：

ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(migrations_path).migrate(20240520120000)

2. 确保迁移文件格式合规 #

检查自定义路径下的迁移文件，必须继承自ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]，示例格式：

class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
  def change
    create_table :users do |t|
      t.string :name
      t.timestamps
    end
  end
end

3. 完整迁移执行代码示例 #

require 'active_record'

# 配置数据库连接
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
  adapter: 'sqlite3',
  database: './db/development.sqlite3'
)

def self.migrations_path
  File.expand_path('../schema', __FILE__)
end

# 执行迁移
ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(migrations_path).migrate

ActiveRecord 6.0适配说明 #

若后续升级到6.0版本，MigrationContext.new需要两个必选参数，需调整为：

ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(migrations_path, ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration).migrate

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user1022788