使用ethers.js时出现wallet.connect is not a function错误求助

问题场景 #

完成FCC Solidity课程至7:45阶段，已完成RPC URL、私钥加密操作，尝试用connect连接钱包与Provider时触发TypeError: wallet.connect is not a function错误，加密前该功能正常运行。

原代码 #

const ethers = require("ethers");
const fs = require("fs-extra");
require("dotenv").config();

async function main() {
  const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider(process.env.RPC_URL);
  const encryptedJson = fs.readFileSync("./.encryptedKey.json", "utf8");
  // 错误：未await异步方法，返回的是Promise而非Wallet实例
  let wallet = new ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJson(
    encryptedJson,
    process.env.PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD
  );
  wallet = await wallet.connect(provider);
  const abi = fs.readFileSync("./SimpleStorage_sol_SimpleStorage.abi", "utf8");
  const binary = fs.readFileSync(
    "./SimpleStorage_sol_SimpleStorage.bin",
    "utf8"
  );
  const contractFactory = new ethers.ContractFactory(abi, binary, wallet);
  console.log("Deploying, please wait...");
  const contract = await contractFactory.deploy();
  await contract.deployTransaction.wait(1);
  const currentFavoriteNumber = await contract.retrieve();
  console.log(`Current Favorite Number: ${currentFavoriteNumber.toString()}`);
  const transactionResponse = await contract.store("7");
  const transactionReciept = await transactionResponse.wait(1);
  const updatedFavoriteNumber = await contract.retrieve();
  console.log(`Updated favorite number is: ${updatedFavoriteNumber}`);
}

main()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });

错误信息 #

TypeError: wallet.connect is not a function
    at main (/home/dylan/hh-fcc/ethers-simple-storage/deploy.js:15:25)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/home/dylan/hh-fcc/ethers-simple-storage/deploy.js:34:1)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1254:14)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1308:10)
    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1117:32)
    at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:958:12)
    at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:81:12)
    at node:internal/main/run_main_module:23:47

错误原因 #

ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJson是异步方法，返回值是Promise<Wallet>而非直接的Wallet实例。原代码未对该调用添加await，导致wallet变量实际是一个Promise对象，而Promise没有connect方法，因此触发类型错误。

修复方案 #

在调用ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJson时添加await，先解析Promise获取真实的Wallet实例，再调用connect方法：

// 修改后：添加await获取Wallet实例
let wallet = await ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJson(
  encryptedJson,
  process.env.PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD
);
wallet = wallet.connect(provider);
// 也可直接链式调用简化代码：
// const wallet = await ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJson(encryptedJson, process.env.PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD).then(w => w.connect(provider));

完整修复后代码 #

const ethers = require("ethers");
const fs = require("fs-extra");
require("dotenv").config();

async function main() {
  const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider(process.env.RPC_URL);
  const encryptedJson = fs.readFileSync("./.encryptedKey.json", "utf8");
  // 修复：添加await获取Wallet实例
  let wallet = await ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJson(
    encryptedJson,
    process.env.PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD
  );
  wallet = wallet.connect(provider);
  const abi = fs.readFileSync("./SimpleStorage_sol_SimpleStorage.abi", "utf8");
  const binary = fs.readFileSync(
    "./SimpleStorage_sol_SimpleStorage.bin",
    "utf8"
  );
  const contractFactory = new ethers.ContractFactory(abi, binary, wallet);
  console.log("Deploying, please wait...");
  const contract = await contractFactory.deploy();
  await contract.deployTransaction.wait(1);
  const currentFavoriteNumber = await contract.retrieve();
  console.log(`Current Favorite Number: ${currentFavoriteNumber.toString()}`);
  const transactionResponse = await contract.store("7");
  const transactionReciept = await transactionResponse.wait(1);
  const updatedFavoriteNumber = await contract.retrieve();
  console.log(`Updated favorite number is: ${updatedFavoriteNumber}`);
}

main()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者LearningCoder