切换代码编辑器后Python Turtle库抛出Terminator错误

在replit.com上编写的弓箭小游戏代码运行正常，但导入Python 3.9.6版本的VS Code后触发错误。

游戏代码 #

import math
import turtle
import time

wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.title("Tiro al blanco")
wn.bgcolor("black")
wn.setup(width = 800, height = 600)
wn.tracer(0)

#parametros optimos: vi = 14.5, th = 45

vi = 14.5
th = 45

segs = 0
score = 0


#dibujar target
target = turtle.Turtle()
target.speed(0) #Velocidad de animacion, no de movimiento
target.shape("circle")
target.color("white")
target.shapesize(stretch_wid = 3, stretch_len = 3) 
target.penup() ##Para que no trace línea de movimiento
target.goto(350,0) ##posición inicial

target2 = turtle.Turtle()
target2.speed(0) #Velocidad de animacion, no de movimiento
target2.shape("circle")
target2.color("red")
target2.shapesize(stretch_wid = 2, stretch_len = 2) 
target2.penup() ##Para que no trace línea de movimiento
target2.goto(350,0) ##posición inicial

target3 = turtle.Turtle()
target3.speed(0) #Velocidad de animacion, no de movimiento
target3.shape("circle")
target3.color("white")
target3.shapesize(stretch_wid = 1, stretch_len = 1) 
target3.penup() ##Para que no trace línea de movimiento
target3.goto(350,0) ##posición inicial

target4 = turtle.Turtle()
target4.speed(0) #Velocidad de animacion, no de movimiento
target4.shape("circle")
target4.color("red")
target4.shapesize(stretch_wid = 0.5, stretch_len = 0.5) 
target4.penup() ##Para que no trace línea de movimiento
target4.goto(350,0) ##posición inicial


#dibujar arco
bow = turtle.Turtle()
bow.speed(0) #Velocidad de animacion, no de movimiento
bow.shape(turtle.circle(20,180))
bow.color("brown")
bow.shapesize(stretch_wid = 5, stretch_len = 1) 
bow.penup() ##Para que no trace línea de movimiento
bow.goto(-350,0) ##posición inicial


#dibujar flecha
arrow = turtle.Turtle()
arrow.speed(0) #Velocidad de animacion, no de movimiento
arrow.shape("arrow")
arrow.color("cyan")
arrow.penup() ##Para que no trace línea de movimiento
arrow.goto(-350,0) ##posición inicial

arrow.velx = vi*math.cos(math.radians(th))

arrow.vely = vi*math.sin(math.radians(th))


#scoreboard
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.color("white")
pen.penup()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.goto(0, 260)
pen.write("Score: 0", align = "center", font=("Courier", 24, "normal"))

#parametros
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.color("white")
pen.penup()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.goto(0, -260)
pen.write("Velocidad:{}, Inclinacion: {} ".format(vi, th), align = "center", font=("Courier", 24, "normal"))



while True:
  wn.update()

  segs +=1 

  arrow.vely = vi*math.sin(math.radians(th)) - 0.3*(segs)
  
  if arrow.ycor() < -100:
   arrow.vely = 0
   arrow.velx = 0

  if arrow.ycor() > 275:
    arrow.vely = 0
    arrow.velx = 0
    

  if arrow.xcor() > 335:
    arrow.vely = 0
    arrow.velx = 0

  
  if arrow.xcor() >= 330:
    if arrow.xcor() <= 350:
      if arrow.ycor() >= -30:
        if arrow.ycor() <= 30:
          arrow.vely = 0
          arrow.velx = 0
          score +=1
          pen.clear()
          
          time.sleep(3)
          arrow.goto(-350,0)
          
           
  arrow.setx(arrow.xcor() + arrow.velx)
  arrow.sety(arrow.ycor() + arrow.vely)

报错信息 #

DEPRECATION WARNING: The system version of Tk is deprecated and may be removed in a future release. Please don't rely on it. Set TK_SILENCE_DEPRECATION=1 to suppress this warning.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/nicolasderbez/Desktop/tiroalblanco.py", line 21, in <module>
    target = turtle.Turtle()
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/turtle.py", line 3814, in __init__
    RawTurtle.__init__(self, Turtle._screen,
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/turtle.py", line 2558, in __init__
    self._update()
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/turtle.py", line 2661, in _update
    self._update_data()
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/turtle.py", line 2647, in _update_data
    self.screen._incrementudc()
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/turtle.py", line 1293, in _incrementudc
    raise Terminator
turtle.Terminator

是否因版本差异需要重新编写代码？

不需要完全重写代码，问题主要出在Tkinter环境和代码细节上，按以下步骤修复：

• 屏蔽Tk版本警告
  在代码最顶部添加环境变量设置：

  import os
  os.environ['TK_SILENCE_DEPRECATION'] = '1'
  

• 修复弓的形状设置错误
  turtle.circle()是绘图方法，不能直接作为shape()参数，替换为预定义形状或自定义形状：

  # 替换原bow.shape行
  bow.shape("square")
  # 若要半圆形状，可改为：
  # wn.register_shape("bow", ((-20,0), (-20,-20), (20,-20), (20,0)))
  # bow.shape("bow")
  

• 替换死循环避免线程冲突
  原while True会阻塞turtle事件循环，改用ontimer和mainloop：

  # 替换原while循环
  def game_loop():
      global segs, score
      wn.update()
      segs +=1 
  
      arrow.vely = vi*math.sin(math.radians(th)) - 0.3*(segs)
      
      if arrow.ycor() < -100:
       arrow.vely = 0
       arrow.velx = 0
  
      if arrow.ycor() > 275:
        arrow.vely = 0
        arrow.velx = 0
        
      if arrow.xcor() > 335:
        arrow.vely = 0
        arrow.velx = 0
      
      hit = False
      if 330 <= arrow.xcor() <= 350 and -30 <= arrow.ycor() <=30:
          arrow.vely = 0
          arrow.velx = 0
          score +=1
          score_pen.clear()
          score_pen.write(f"Score: {score}", align = "center", font=("Courier", 24, "normal"))
          # 用ontimer替代time.sleep避免阻塞
          def reset_arrow():
              arrow.goto(-350,0)
              global segs
              segs = 0
              arrow.velx = vi*math.cos(math.radians(th))
              arrow.vely = vi*math.sin(math.radians(th))
          wn.ontimer(reset_arrow, 3000)
          hit = True
      
      if not hit:
          arrow.setx(arrow.xcor() + arrow.velx)
          arrow.sety(arrow.ycor() + arrow.vely)
      
      wn.ontimer(game_loop, 10)
  

• 修复pen变量覆盖问题
  原代码两次用pen = turtle.Turtle()导致变量覆盖，需分别命名：

  # scoreboard
  score_pen = turtle.Turtle()
  score_pen.speed(0)
  score_pen.color("white")
  score_pen.penup()
  score_pen.hideturtle()
  score_pen.goto(0, 260)
  score_pen.write("Score: 0", align = "center", font=("Courier", 24, "normal"))
  
  #parametros
  param_pen = turtle.Turtle()
  param_pen.speed(0)
  param_pen.color("white")
  param_pen.penup()
  param_pen.hideturtle()
  param_pen.goto(0, -260)
  param_pen.write("Velocidad:{}, Inclinacion: {} ".format(vi, th), align = "center", font=("Courier", 24, "normal"))
  

• 添加循环启动与主循环
  在代码末尾添加：

  game_loop()
  wn.mainloop()
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nicolás Derbez