如何让Laravel Dusk稳定运行数据库种子器？

问题背景 #

首页相关测试用例单独运行全部通过，但批量运行时全部失败，怀疑是使用DatabaseTruncation trait时，Dusk处理种子器的方式存在问题。

测试代码示例 #

<?php

namespace Tests\Browser;

use App\Classes\Settings;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseMigrations;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseTruncation;
use Laravel\Dusk\Browser;
use Tests\DuskTestCase;

class ProductTest extends DuskTestCase
{
    use DatabaseTruncation;

    public bool $seed = true;

    /**
     * A Dusk test example.
     */
    public function testCanSeeProducts(): void
    {
        $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) {
            $browser->loginAs(User::first())
                ->visit('/')
                ->waitFor('@product-card')
                ->assertVisible('@product-card');
        });
    }

    public function testAddToCartVisibility(): void
    {
        nova_set_setting_value('add_to_cart', true);
        $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) {
            $browser->loginAs(User::first())
                ->visit('/')
                ->waitForText('Add to Cart')
                ->assertVisible('@add-to-cart')
                ->logout();
        });
    }

    /*public function testAddToCartInvisible(): void
    {
        nova_set_setting_value('add_to_cart', false);
        $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) {
            $browser->loginAs(User::first())
                ->visit('/')
                ->assertMissing('@add-to-cart')
                ->logout();
        });
    }*/

    /*public function testShowInventory(): void
    {
        nova_set_setting_value('show_inventory', true);
        $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) {
            $browser->loginAs(User::first())
                ->visit('/')
                ->assertVisible('@show-inventory');
        });
    }*/

    /*public function testHideInventory(): void
    {
        nova_set_setting_value('show_inventory', false);
        $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) {
            $browser->loginAs(User::first())
                ->visit('/')
                ->assertMissing('@show-inventory');
        });
    }*/
}

已尝试的操作 #

• 每个测试都调用loginAs()，但测试间登录状态未保持，推测是users表被截断导致
• 在setUp()方法中手动调用seed()
• 设置public bool $seed = true;

以上操作均未解决问题，期望效果：数据库结构在测试间保持完整，每个测试前执行种子器，测试后截断数据。

报错信息 #

批量运行前两个测试的报错 #

1. 第一个测试报错：

1) Tests\Browser\ProductTest::testCanSeeProducts Facebook\WebDriver\Exception\TimeoutException: Waited 5 seconds for selector [@product-card]. 

2. 第二个测试报错：

2) Tests\Browser\ProductTest::testAddToCartVisibility ErrorException: Attempt to read property "id" on null 

在setUp()中调用seed()的报错 #

第一个测试通过，第二个测试未执行种子器，报错：

There was 1 error:

1) Tests\Browser\ProductTest::testAddToCartVisibility
ErrorException: Attempt to read property "id" on null

/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Bootstrap/HandleExceptions.php:266
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/app/Models/Vendor.php:22
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/app/Observers/ProductObserver.php:21
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Events/Dispatcher.php:441
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Events/Dispatcher.php:249
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasEvents.php:189
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php:1316
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php:1138
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php:986
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php:306
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php:987
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Traits/ForwardsCalls.php:23
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php:2330
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php:2342
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/database/seeders/ProductSeeder.php:24
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:36
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Util.php:41
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:93
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:37
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:661
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Seeder.php:184
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Seeder.php:193
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Seeder.php:61
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php:17
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:36
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Util.php:41
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:93
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:37
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:661
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Seeder.php:184
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Seeder.php:193
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/Seeds/SeedCommand.php:81
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/GuardsAttributes.php:155
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/Seeds/SeedCommand.php:82
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:36
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Util.php:41
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:93
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/BoundMethod.php:37
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:661
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Console/Command.php:183
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/symfony/console/Command/Command.php:312
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Console/Command.php:153
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/symfony/console/Application.php:1022
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/symfony/console/Application.php:314
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/symfony/console/Application.php:168
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Console/Application.php:102
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Console/Application.php:194
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/Kernel.php:336
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Testing/PendingCommand.php:296
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Testing/PendingCommand.php:481
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithConsole.php:80
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithDatabase.php:286
/Users/ananelson/PhpstormProjects/storefront/tests/Browser/ProductTest.php:18

解决方案建议 #

1. 手动控制截断与种子执行顺序 #

DatabaseTruncation默认在测试后截断数据，但Dusk的进程隔离可能导致种子器执行时机错误。手动在setUp中先截断数据再执行种子：

public function setUp(): void
{
    parent::setUp();
    // 截断业务表，避免影响系统表
    $this->truncateBusinessTables();
    $this->seed();
}

protected function truncateBusinessTables()
{
    $tables = ['users', 'products', 'vendors']; // 根据实际业务补充
    foreach ($tables as $table) {
        \DB::table($table)->truncate();
    }
}

2. 修复种子器依赖问题 #

从报错看，ProductSeeder第24行调用Vendor的id时对象为空，需确保Vendor已被正确创建：

// 在ProductSeeder中修正
$vendor = \App\Models\Vendor::first() ?? \App\Models\Vendor::factory()->create();
\App\Models\Product::factory()->create(['vendor_id' => $vendor->id]);

3. 显式创建测试数据（推荐） #

放弃全局种子器，在每个测试中独立创建所需数据，彻底避免状态污染：

public function testCanSeeProducts(): void
{
    $user = User::factory()->create();
    \App\Models\Product::factory()->count(3)->create();

    $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) use ($user) {
        $browser->loginAs($user)
            ->visit('/')
            ->waitFor('@product-card')
            ->assertVisible('@product-card');
    });
}

4. 禁用进程隔离（谨慎使用） #

Dusk默认每个测试在独立进程运行，可能导致数据库状态不同步。可在测试类中添加：

protected static $browsers = 1;
protected $runInSeparateProcess = false;

注意：禁用进程隔离可能导致测试间状态污染，需确保每个测试完全独立。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ana Nelson