部署Hardhat合约时出现JsonRpcProvider未定义错误求助

我跟着FreeCodeCamp的教程操作，已经重复两次部署Hardhat智能合约，但都失败了。我重建了项目目录，排除了安装/依赖问题，但还是遇到以下错误：

Error: ERROR processing skip func of /home/dylan/hh-fcc/hardhat-smartcontract-lottery-fcc/deploy/00-deploy-mocks.js:
TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'JsonRpcProvider')

我搜索并尝试了相关解决方案，但没能解决问题，附上相关代码文件请求帮助。

00-deploy-mocks.js #

const { developmentChains } = require("../helper-hardhat-config")
const { network } = require("hardhat")
const BASE_FEE = ethers.utils.parseEther("0.25")
const GAS_PRICE_LINK = 1e9

module.exports = async function ({ getNamedAccounts, deployments }) {
    const { deploy, log } = deployments
    const { deployer } = await getNamedAccounts()
    const args = [BASE_FEE, GAS_PRICE_LINK]
    if (developmentChains.includes(network.name)) {
        log("local network detected! deploying mocks...")
        await deploy("VRFCoordinatorV2Mock", {
            from: deployer,
            log: true,
            args: args,
        })
        log("Mocks Deployed!")
        log("----------------------------------------")
    }
}
module.exports.tags = ["all", "mocks"]

01-deploy-raffle.js #

const { network } = require("hardhat")
const { developmentChains, networkConfig } = require("../helper-hardhat-config")
const { verify } = require("../helper-hardhat-config")

const VRF_SUB_FUND_AMOUNT = ethers.utils.parseEther("2")
module.exports = async function ({ getNamedAccounts, deployments }) {
    const { deploy, log } = deployments
    const { deployer } = await getNamedAccounts()
    const chainId = network.config.chainId
    let vrfCoordinatorV2Address, subscriptionId

    if (developmentChains.includes(network.name)) {
        const vrfCoordinatorV2Mock = await ethers.getContract("VRFCoordinatorV2Mock")
        vrfCoordinatorV2Address = vrfCoordinatorV2Mock.address
        const transactionResponse = await vrfCoordinatorV2Mock.createSubscription()
        const transactionReceipt = await transactionResponse.wait(1)
        subscriptionId = transactionReceipt.events[0].args.subId
        //Fund the sub
        //usually you'd need the link token
        await vrfCoordinatorV2Mock.fundSubscription(subscriptionId, VRF_SUB_FUND_AMOUNT)
    } else {
        vrfCoordinatorV2Address = networkConfig[chainId]["vrfCoordinatorV2"]
        subscriptionId = networkConfig[chainId]["subscriptionId"]
    }

    const entranceFee = networkConfig[chainId]["entranceFee"]
    const gasLane = networkConfig[chainId]["gasLane"]
    const callbackGasLimit = networkConfig[chainId]["callbackGasLimit"]
    const interval = networkConfig[chainId]["interval"]

    const args = [
        vrfCoordinatorV2Address,
        entranceFee,
        gasLane,
        subscriptionId,
        callbackGasLimit,
        interval,
    ]
    const raffle = await deploy("Raffle", {
        from: deployer,
        args: args,
        log: true,
        waitConfirmations: network.config.blockConfirmations || 1,
    })

    if (!developmentChains.includes(network.name) && process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY) {
        log("Verifying...")
        await verify(raffle.address, args)
    }
    log("----------------------------------")
}
module.exports.tags = ["all", "raffle"]

hardhat.config.js #

require("@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle")
require("@nomiclabs/hardhat-etherscan")
require("hardhat-deploy")
require("solidity-coverage")
require("hardhat-gas-reporter")
require("hardhat-contract-sizer")
require("dotenv").config()

const GOERLI_RPC_URL = process.env.GOERLI_RPC_URL
const PRIVATE_KEY = process.env.PRIVATE_KEY
const COINMARKETCAP_API_KEY = process.env.COINMARKETCAP_API_KEY
const ETHERSCAN_API_KEY = process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY

/** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
module.exports = {
    defaultNetwork: "hardhat",
    networks: {
        hardhat: {
            chainId: 31337,
            blockConfirmations: 1,
        },
        goerli: {
            chainId: 5,
            blockConfirmations: 6,
            url: GOERLI_RPC_URL,
            accounts: [PRIVATE_KEY],
        },
    },
    solidity: "0.8.7",
    namedAccounts: {
        deployer: {
            default: 0,
        },
        player: {
            default: 1,
        },
    },
}

helper-hardhat-config.js #

const { ethers } = require("hardhat")

const networkConfig = {
    5: {
        name: "goerli",
        vrfCoordinatorV2: "0x2Ca8E0C643bDe4C2E08ab1fA0da3401AdAD7734D",
        entranceFee: ethers.utils.parseEther("0.01"),
        gasLane: "0x79d3d8832d904592c0bf9818b621522c988bb8b0c05cdc3b15aea1b6e8db0c15",
        subscriptionId: "0",
        callbackGasLimit: "500000",
        interval: "30",
    },
    31337: {
        name: "hardhat",
        entranceFee: ethers.utils.parseEther("0.01"),
        gasLane: "0x79d3d8832d904592c0bf9818b621522c988bb8b0c05cdc3b15aea1b6e8db0c15",
        callbackGasLimit: "500000",
        interval: "30",
    },
}

const developmentChains = ["hardhat", "localhost"]

module.exports = {
    networkConfig,
    developmentChains,
}

问题根源 #

错误核心是部署脚本中未正确导入ethers对象，却直接使用了ethers.utils.parseEther等方法。此外还有两个次要问题：

1. 01-deploy-raffle.js错误地从helper-hardhat-config导入verify，该文件未导出此函数
2. helper-hardhat-config.js从hardhat导入ethers可能引发加载顺序问题

具体修复步骤 #

1. 修正00-deploy-mocks.js

在文件顶部添加ethers的导入：

const { developmentChains } = require("../helper-hardhat-config")
const { network, ethers } = require("hardhat") // 新增ethers导入
const BASE_FEE = ethers.utils.parseEther("0.25")
const GAS_PRICE_LINK = 1e9

// 剩余代码不变

2. 修正01-deploy-raffle.js

• 添加ethers导入
• 修正verify的导入路径（需确保存在对应的验证文件）

const { network, ethers } = require("hardhat") // 新增ethers导入
const { developmentChains, networkConfig } = require("../helper-hardhat-config")
const { verify } = require("../utils/verify") // 修正到正确的verify文件路径

// 剩余代码不变

3. 修正helper-hardhat-config.js

改为直接导入ethers包，避免加载顺序问题：

const { ethers } = require("ethers") // 替换原导入方式

// 剩余代码不变

4. 创建utils/verify.js（若不存在）

实现合约验证功能：

const { run } = require("hardhat")

const verify = async (contractAddress, args) => {
    console.log("Verifying contract...")
    try {
        await run("verify:verify", {
            address: contractAddress,
            constructorArguments: args,
        })
    } catch (e) {
        if (e.message.toLowerCase().includes("already verified")) {
            console.log("Already verified!")
        } else {
            console.error(e)
        }
    }
}

module.exports = { verify }

验证修复 #

完成修改后重新运行部署命令：

npx hardhat deploy

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者LearningCoder