Python中从JSON提取多组织指定字段（含多位置ID）的方法

需求说明 #

我有如下JSON结构的数据（加载后d是列表类型，d[0]为字典），需要提取所有组织的以下字段：

• code（作为org_id）
• name（作为org_name）
• 所有关联的location_id
• status

原始JSON结构（示例） #

{
  "organisations": {
    "total-items": "41477",
    "organisation": [
      {
        "mappings": null,
        "active-request": "false",
        "identifiers": {
          "identifier": {
            "code": "ORG-100023310",
            "code-system": "100000167446",
            "code-system-name": " OMS Organization Identifier"
          }
        },
        "name": "advanceCOR GmbH",
        "operational-attributes": {
          "created-on": "2016-10-18T15:38:34.322+02:00",
          "modified-on": "2022-11-02T08:23:13.989+01:00"
        },
        "locations": {
          "location": [
            {
              "location-id": {
                "link": {
                  "href": "https://v1/locations/LOC-100052061"
                },
                "id": "LOC-100052061"
              }
            },
            {
              "location-id": {
                "link": {
                  "href": "https://v1/locations/LOC-100032442"
                },
                "id ": "LOC-100032442"
              }
            },
            {
              "location-id": {
                "link": {
                  "href": "https://v1/locations/LOC-100042003"
                },
                "id": "LOC-100042003"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "organisation-id": {
          "link": {
            "rel": "self",
            "href": "https://v1 /organisations/ORG-100023310"
          },
          "id": "ORG-100023310"
        },
        "status": "ACTIVE"
      },
      {
        "mappings": null,
        "active-request": "false",
        "identifiers": {
          "identifier": {
            "code": "ORG-100004261",
            "code-system": "100000167446",
            "code-system-name": "OMS organization Identifier"
          }
        },
        "name": "Beacon Pharmaceuticals Limited",
        "operational-attributes": {
          "created-on": "2016-10-18T14:48:16.293+02:00",
          "modified-on": "2022-10-12T08:26:24.645+02:00"
        },
        "locations": {
          "location": [
            {
              "location-id": {
                "link": {
                  "href": "https://v1/locations/LOC-100005615"
                },
                "id": "LOC-100005615"
              }
            },
            {
              "location-id": {
                "link": {
                  "href": "https://v1/locations/LOC-100000912"
                },
                "id": "LOC-100000912"
              }
            },
            {
              "location-id": {
                "link": {
                  "href": "https://v1/locations/LOC-100043831"
                },
                "id": "LOC-100043831"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "organisation-id": {
          "link": {
            "rel": "self",
            "href": "https://v1/organisations/ORG-100004261"
          },
          "id": "ORG-100004261"
        },
        "status": "ACTIVE"
      }
    ]
  }
}

现有代码问题 #

当前代码只能获取单个组织的单个位置ID，无法遍历所有组织及全部位置ID：

with open('organisations.json', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    d = json.load(f)
    print(d[0]['organisations']['organisation'][2]['identifiers']['identifier']['code'])   #code
    print(d[0]['organisations']['organisation'][2]['name'])                                #name
    print(d[0]['organisations']['organisation'][2]['locations'])                       #location
    print(d[0]['organisations']['organisation'][2]['status'])                          #status

当前输出 #

ORG-100023310
advanceCOR GmbH
{'location': {'location-id': {'link': {'href': 'https://v1/locations/LOC-100052061'}, 'id': ' LOC-100052061'}}}
ACTIVE

预期输出 #

org_id        org_name                         location_id                                  status
ORG-100023310 advanceCOR GmbH                  LOC-100052061, LOC-100032442, LOC-100042003  ACTIVE
ORG-100004261 Beacon Pharmaceuticals Limited   LOC-100005615, LOC-100000912, LOC-100043831  ACTIVE

解决方案 #

通过循环遍历所有组织，并对每个组织的位置列表再次循环提取ID，最后格式化输出即可实现需求：

修改后的代码 #

import json

with open('organisations.json', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    d = json.load(f)
    # 获取完整的组织列表
    organisations = d[0]['organisations']['organisation']
    # 打印对齐的表头
    print(f"{'org_id':<15} {'org_name':<30} {'location_id':<45} {'status'}")
    # 遍历每个组织
    for org in organisations:
        # 提取组织ID
        org_id = org['identifiers']['identifier']['code']
        # 提取组织名称
        org_name = org['name']
        # 提取所有关联的位置ID，兼容键名带空格的情况（如'id '）
        location_ids = []
        for loc in org['locations']['location']:
            for key in loc['location-id']:
                if key.strip() == 'id':
                    loc_id = loc['location-id'][key].strip()
                    location_ids.append(loc_id)
        # 将位置ID用逗号拼接成字符串
        location_str = ', '.join(location_ids)
        # 提取组织状态
        status = org['status']
        # 格式化输出对齐字段
        print(f"{org_id:<15} {org_name:<30} {location_str:<45} {status}")

代码说明 #

1. 遍历组织列表：用for org in organisations替代固定索引访问，实现所有组织的遍历
2. 提取位置ID：嵌套循环处理每个组织的位置列表，通过键名兼容处理JSON中存在的'id '（带空格）问题
3. 格式化输出：使用Python格式化字符串（f-string）的对齐语法，让输出格式和预期一致
4. 兼容性处理：通过strip()去除ID字符串的首尾空格，避免输出杂乱

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者rshar