Spring Boot启动报错：java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.persistence.PersistenceContext

运行Spring应用时触发如下错误：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/dao/PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration.class]: Post-processing of merged bean definition failed
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:576) ~[spring-beans-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:521) ~[spring-beans-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:326) ~[spring-beans-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:324) ~[spring-beans-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:205) ~[spring-beans-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.registerBeanPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:261) ~[spring-context-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.registerBeanPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:763) ~[spring-context-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:568) ~[spring-context-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:732) ~[spring-boot-3.0.4.jar:3.0.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:434) ~[spring-boot-3.0.4.jar:3.0.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:310) ~[spring-boot-3.0.4.jar:3.0.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1304) ~[spring-boot-3.0.4.jar:3.0.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1293) ~[spring-boot-3.0.4.jar:3.0.4]
    at org.randomcraft.PlayerDataAPI.PlayerDataApiApplication.main(PlayerDataApiApplication.java:12) ~[classes/:na]
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: jakarta/persistence/PersistenceContext
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.buildPersistenceMetadata(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:424) ~[spring-orm-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.findPersistenceMetadata(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:415) ~[spring-orm-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.findInjectionMetadata(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:369) ~[spring-orm-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:352) ~[spring-orm-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1082) ~[spring-beans-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:573) ~[spring-beans-6.0.6.jar:6.0.6]
    ... 14 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.persistence.PersistenceContext
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521) ~[na:na]
    ... 20 common frames omitted

当前开发带有JPA仓库的HTTP API，pom.xml核心配置如下：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jakarta.persistence</groupId>
        <artifactId>jakarta.persistence-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.14</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-data-commons</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

提问：是否需要对Jakarta进行shade打包来解决该问题？

不需要进行shade打包，问题根源在于依赖配置的版本冲突和不规范，修正依赖即可解决：

问题分析 #

1. 版本冲突严重：你使用的是Spring Boot 3.0.4（依赖Spring 6.x），但手动引入了spring-web 5.3.14（Spring 5.x版本）。Spring 6.x已全面切换到Jakarta EE规范，而Spring 5.x基于旧的Java EE，两者的API包路径完全不同（Java EE是javax.persistence，Jakarta EE是jakarta.persistence），这直接导致类找不到的错误。
2. 依赖引入方式错误：Spring Boot的核心优势是starter自动管理依赖版本和兼容性，你手动拆分引入spring-web、spring-data-jpa、jakarta.persistence-api等依赖，不仅冗余，还容易引发版本不匹配问题。

修正方案 #

替换原有依赖配置，使用Spring Boot官方提供的starter：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Web API开发 starter，包含正确版本的spring-web及相关依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- JPA开发 starter，包含Spring Data JPA、Jakarta Persistence API及兼容版本的ORM依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Lombok保持不变 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

操作步骤 #

1. 删除原有pom.xml中的spring-web、spring-data-jpa、jakarta.persistence-api、spring-data-commons依赖
2. 添加上述spring-boot-starter-web和spring-boot-starter-data-jpa依赖
3. 执行mvn clean install清理并重新构建项目
4. 启动应用即可解决类找不到的问题

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Gargant