如何解决python-datamodel安装报错：ValueError: 'datamodel/fields.pyx'无匹配文件

问题场景 #

执行命令 pip install python-datamodel 时出现编译报错，环境为Windows系统+VSCode，Python版本3.11.1（官方文档标注该包支持Python3.8及以上版本），核心报错信息：

ValueError: 'datamodel/fields.pyx' doesn't match any files

完整报错日志：

Collecting python-datamodel
  Using cached python-datamodel-0.1.13.tar.gz (290 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [25 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Users\Zheng Yao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "C:\Users\Zheng Yao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Zheng Yao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Zheng Yao\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-xxrinum0\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 338, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Zheng Yao\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-xxrinum0\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 320, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "C:\Users\Zheng Yao\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-xxrinum0\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 335, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 154, in <module>
        File "C:\Users\Zheng Yao\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-xxrinum0\overlay\Lib\site-packages\Cython\Build\Dependencies.py", line 970, in cythonize
          module_list, module_metadata = create_extension_list(
                                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Zheng Yao\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-xxrinum0\overlay\Lib\site-packages\Cython\Build\Dependencies.py", line 816, in create_extension_list
          for file in nonempty(sorted(extended_iglob(filepattern)), "'%s' doesn't match any files" % filepattern):
        File "C:\Users\Zheng Yao\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-xxrinum0\overlay\Lib\site-packages\Cython\Build\Dependencies.py", line 114, in nonempty
          raise ValueError(error_msg)
      ValueError: 'datamodel/fields.pyx' doesn't match any files
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

解决方案 #

方案1：安装预编译wheel包 #

源码包缺失Cython编译所需的源文件，优先尝试安装预编译的wheel包：

1. 先升级pip及相关工具：

   pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
   

2. 下载对应Python3.11版本的wheel文件（需适配cp311标签），执行本地安装：

   pip install python_datamodel-0.1.13-cp311-none-any.whl
   

方案2：手动修复源码后本地编译 #

如果找不到对应wheel包，可手动补全缺失文件后编译：

1. 下载源码包：

   pip download python-datamodel --no-deps
   

2. 解压下载的python-datamodel-0.1.13.tar.gz文件，进入解压目录
3. 在解压目录中创建datamodel文件夹，补全缺失的fields.pyx等Cython源文件
4. 执行本地安装：

   pip install .
   

方案3：切换兼容Python版本 #

由于部分包对最新Python版本的编译支持存在延迟，可临时切换到Python3.9或3.10版本，再执行pip install python-datamodel，大概率能正常完成安装。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者zampoan