Colab中导入river库metrics模块报错：numpy版本不匹配问题

在Colab环境执行from river import metrics导入River库的metrics模块时出现报错，核心原因是当前安装的numpy版本与River依赖的numpy版本不兼容。具体报错信息如下：

ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import

RuntimeError                              Traceback (most recent call last)
__init__.pxd in numpy.import_array()

RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0x10 but this version of numpy is 0xf

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-6-3108f4ad0000> in <module>
----> 1 from river import metrics
      2 from river import stream
      3 from river import preprocessing
      4 from river import tree,neighbors,naive_bayes,ensemble,linear_model
      5 from river.drift import DDM, ADWIN, EDDM, PageHinkley, KSWIN, HDDM_A, HDDM_W

1 frames
/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/river/metrics/mutual_info.py in <module>
      4 
      5 from river import metrics
----> 6 from river.metrics.expected_mutual_info import expected_mutual_info
      7 
      8 __all__ = [

build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-38/river/metrics/expected_mutual_info.pyx in init river.metrics.expected_mutual_info()

__init__.pxd in numpy.import_array()

ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import

报错中的RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0x10 but this version of numpy is 0xf明确指向版本不匹配：River编译时依赖的numpy API版本为0x10（对应numpy 1.21及以上），但当前Colab环境的numpy版本是0xf（对应numpy 1.20及以下）。

解决步骤：

• 卸载当前环境的numpy：

  pip uninstall -y numpy
  

• 安装与River兼容的numpy版本（推荐1.21.x系列，例如1.21.6）：

  pip install numpy==1.21.6
  

• 重新升级River，确保依赖完全匹配：

  pip install --upgrade river
  

• 再次执行from river import metrics验证导入是否正常。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Abhay Rachanaikar