Linux服务器上gspread连接Google Sheet时挂起问题求助

代码示例 #

import gspread
gc = gspread.service_account(filename='bot/creds.json')
doc = gc.open("Tournaments")
print(doc)

现象对比 #

• Windows 10环境：运行完全正常，输出如下：

  <Spreadsheet 'Tournaments' id:[REMOVED]>
  

• Linux服务器环境：运行时直接挂起，按下Ctrl+C中断后，得到如下报错：

  ^CTraceback (most recent call last):
    File "testing.py", line 3, in <module>
      doc = gc.open("Tournaments")
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/gspread/client.py", line 152, in open
      self.list_spreadsheet_files(title, folder_id),
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/gspread/client.py", line 127, in list_spreadsheet_files
      res = self.request("get", url, params=params).json()
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/gspread/client.py", line 79, in request
      response = getattr(self.session, method)(
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 546, in get
      return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/google/auth/transport/requests.py", line 476, in request
      self.credentials.before_request(auth_request, method, url, request_headers)
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/google/auth/credentials.py", line 133, in before_request
      self.refresh(request)
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/google/oauth2/service_account.py", line 410, in refresh
      access_token, expiry, _ = _client.jwt_grant(
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/google/oauth2/_client.py", line 193, in jwt_grant
      response_data = _token_endpoint_request(request, token_uri, body)
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/google/oauth2/_client.py", line 161, in _token_endpoint_request
      response_status_ok, response_data = _token_endpoint_request_no_throw(
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/google/oauth2/_client.py", line 115, in _token_endpoint_request_no_throw
      response = request(method="POST", url=token_uri, headers=headers, body=body)
    File "/home/[REMOVED]/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/google/auth/transport/requests.py", line 183, in __call__
      response = self.session.request(
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 533, in request
      resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 646, in send
      r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 439, in send
      resp = conn.urlopen(
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 665, in urlopen
      httplib_response = self._make_request(
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 376, in _make_request
      self._validate_conn(conn)
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 996, in _validate_conn
      conn.connect()
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 314, in connect
      conn = self._new_conn()
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 159, in _new_conn
      conn = connection.create_connection(
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py", line 74, in create_connection
      sock.connect(sa)
  KeyboardInterrupt
  

补充信息 #

• 代码存储在服务器的网络驱动器中，两台设备的代码和目录结构完全一致
• 等待超过10分钟后，代码能成功连接
• 对Web开发相关技术较为陌生，需要通俗易懂的解释和解决方案

问题通俗解释 #

核心原因是Linux服务器和Google认证服务器之间的网络链路不通畅：
Windows的网络环境能快速和Google的服务器建立连接、完成认证，但Linux服务器可能因为防火墙限制、代理未配置、DNS解析缓慢、网络链路拥堵等问题，导致连接认证的过程被卡住，需要长时间等待才能建立成功。

解决方案 #

1. 先排查网络连通性 #

在Linux服务器的终端执行以下命令，测试和Google认证服务器的连接：

• 测试延迟和丢包：

  ping oauth2.googleapis.com
  

• 测试能否快速访问认证接口：

  curl -v https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token
  

如果命令执行很慢或超时，直接指向网络问题，优先解决网络层面的问题。

2. 给代码添加超时限制 #

避免代码无限挂起，同时快速触发超时提示，方便排查：

import gspread
from requests import Timeout
from google.auth.transport.requests import Request

# 自定义带超时的请求工具，超时时间设为30秒（可根据需要调整）
class TimeoutRequest(Request):
    def __init__(self, timeout=30):
        self.timeout = timeout
        super().__init__()

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        kwargs.setdefault("timeout", self.timeout)
        return super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)

# 使用自定义的超时请求初始化gspread
gc = gspread.service_account(filename='bot/creds.json', request_factory=TimeoutRequest)
try:
    doc = gc.open("Tournaments")
    print(doc)
except Timeout:
    print("连接超时，请检查服务器网络设置")

3. 检查防火墙/代理设置 #

• 如果服务器有防火墙，确认没有阻止出站请求到*.googleapis.com这类Google API域名
• 如果服务器需要通过代理访问外网，先配置代理：
  方式一：终端临时设置（运行代码前执行）

  export HTTP_PROXY=http://你的代理地址:端口
  export HTTPS_PROXY=http://你的代理地址:端口
  

  方式二：在代码开头添加代理配置

  import os
  os.environ['HTTP_PROXY'] = 'http://你的代理地址:端口'
  os.environ['HTTPS_PROXY'] = 'http://你的代理地址:端口'
  

4. 更换DNS服务器 #

如果是DNS解析慢导致的连接延迟，把Linux服务器的DNS换成公共DNS：

• 编辑/etc/resolv.conf文件，添加以下内容：

  nameserver 8.8.8.8
  nameserver 8.8.4.4
  

• 保存后，重新测试网络连接

5. 升级依赖库 #

旧版本的依赖库可能存在网络兼容问题，更新到最新版：

pip install --upgrade gspread requests google-auth google-auth-oauthlib google-auth-httplib2

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Luminance