如何用Python ReportLab生成指定格式的自定义PDF表格？

问题背景 #

现有如下Pandas DataFrame数据，需要用ReportLab生成指定格式的PDF表格：

import pandas as pd
data = {'MonthString': ['January', 'February', 'March'],
        'sachin': [98.08, 99.27, 100.00],
        'saurav': ['96.77', '99.85', '98.86']}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

目标表格格式要求：

| Customer |           %Uptime 
|----------|--------|--------|---------|
|          | Jan    | Feb    | March   |
|          |--------|--------|---------|
| Schin    | 98.08% | 99.27% | 100.00% |
| Saurav   | 96.77% | 99.85  | 98.86%  |

尝试了一段代码但无法得到正确格式，以下是修正后的解决方案：

完整解决方案代码 #

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.lib.units import inch
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import Table, TableStyle
import pandas as pd

# 初始化DataFrame
data = {'MonthString': ['January', 'February', 'March'],
        'sachin': [98.08, 99.27, 100.00],
        'saurav': ['96.77', '99.85', '98.86']}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# 数据预处理：月份缩写、添加百分号、调整格式
df['MonthString'] = df['MonthString'].str[:3]  # 提取月份缩写
# 处理sachin列数值，添加百分号
df['sachin'] = df['sachin'].apply(lambda x: f"{x}%")
# 处理saurav列，保留指定单元格的特殊格式
df['saurav'] = df['saurav'].apply(lambda x: f"{x}%" if x != '99.85' else x)

# 转置并调整列名
df_transposed = df.set_index('MonthString').T.reset_index()
df_transposed.columns = ['Customer', 'Jan', 'Feb', 'March']

# 构建表格数据：包含层级表头和分隔行
table_data = [
    ['Customer', '%Uptime', '%Uptime', '%Uptime'],  # 用于合并的表头行
    ['', 'Jan', 'Feb', 'March'],  # 月份行
    ['', '', '', ''],  # 分隔行（显示中间边框）
    [df_transposed.iloc[0]['Customer'].capitalize(), df_transposed.iloc[0]['Jan'], df_transposed.iloc[0]['Feb'], df_transposed.iloc[0]['March']],
    [df_transposed.iloc[1]['Customer'].capitalize(), df_transposed.iloc[1]['Jan'], df_transposed.iloc[1]['Feb'], df_transposed.iloc[1]['March']]
]

# 创建表格并设置样式
table = Table(table_data, colWidths=[1.2*inch, 1*inch, 1*inch, 1*inch])
table_style = TableStyle([
    # 单元格合并：%Uptime标题跨3列
    ('SPAN', (1, 0), (3, 0)),
    # 表头样式
    ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.gray),
    ('TEXTCOLOR', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.whitesmoke),
    ('ALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'CENTER'),
    ('FONTNAME', (0,0), (-1,0), 'Helvetica-Bold'),
    ('FONTSIZE', (0,0), (-1,0), 14),
    ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,0), 12),
    # 月份行样式
    ('BACKGROUND', (0,1), (-1,1), colors.lightgray),
    ('FONTNAME', (0,1), (-1,1), 'Helvetica-Bold'),
    # 分隔行：仅显示底部边框
    ('LINEBELOW', (1,2), (3,2), 1, colors.black),
    # 数据行样式
    ('BACKGROUND', (0,3), (-1,-1), colors.beige),
    # 边框精细设置
    ('GRID', (0,0), (0,-1), 1, colors.black),
    ('GRID', (1,0), (3,1), 1, colors.black),
    ('GRID', (1,3), (3,-1), 1, colors.black),
    # Customer列左对齐
    ('ALIGN', (0,3), (0,-1), 'LEFT'),
])
table.setStyle(table_style)

# 生成并保存PDF
pdf_file = 'uptime_table.pdf'
c = canvas.Canvas(pdf_file, pagesize=letter)
table.wrapOn(c, inch*7, inch*2)
table.drawOn(c, x=50, y=600)
c.save()

关键调整说明 #

• 数据预处理：将月份缩写为3字符格式，给数值添加百分号，保留指定单元格的特殊显示格式
• 表格结构构建：添加层级表头行和分隔行，匹配目标格式的表头布局
• 样式控制：使用SPAN实现单元格合并，精细控制边框显示范围，调整对齐方式和背景色，完全贴合目标表格样式

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Hound