PowerShell WinForm端口扫描脚本卡顿及格式化输出问题

问题描述 #

端口扫描结果需输出至$TextBoxResultScan，当前存在两个核心问题：

• 端口开放时可输出结果，但格式不符合预期；
• 端口关闭时，脚本及Windows Form窗体出现卡顿冻结现象。

需解决以下两点：

1. 分析卡顿冻结的原因并提供修复方案；
2. 配置扫描结果按服务器地址、端口号、扫描结果三列格式化输出。

问题1：卡顿冻结的原因与修复 #

原因分析 #

1. UI线程阻塞：Test-NetConnection在端口关闭时会等待默认超时（通常数秒），而扫描逻辑直接在窗体的UI线程中执行，导致UI无法响应任何操作，出现冻结。
2. 串行执行效率低：所有端口扫描是逐个串行执行的，累计等待时间过长，进一步加剧了UI阻塞。

修复方案 #

1. 后台线程执行扫描：将扫描逻辑放到后台线程中，避免占用UI线程，同时通过Control.Invoke安全更新UI控件（WinForm控件仅允许创建它的线程修改）。
2. 缩短超时时间：给Test-NetConnection添加-TimeoutMs参数，将超时设置为1000毫秒（可根据需求调整），减少等待时长。
3. 可选优化：并行扫描：使用ForEach-Object -Parallel（PowerShell 7+）或Start-Job实现并行端口扫描，大幅提升扫描速度。

问题2：按列格式化输出结果 #

当前问题 #

直接将Select-Object的输出赋值给TextBoxResultScan.Text，PowerShell会自动将对象转换为默认字符串格式，导致排版混乱，且每次赋值会覆盖之前的结果，最终仅显示最后一条扫描记录。

实现方法 #

1. 添加表头：扫描开始前先写入列标题，用制表符\t分隔列，保证对齐。
2. 逐行追加结果：使用+=将每条扫描结果追加到文本框，而非覆盖。
3. 格式化每行内容：手动拼接服务器地址、端口号、扫描结果（将布尔值转换为更直观的"开放"/"关闭"），用制表符分隔保证列对齐；同时使用等宽字体进一步优化排版效果。

修改后的完整脚本 #

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing

<#------======== Define Variables ========------#>
$MyForest = ([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest()).Name
$MyDomain = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain().Name

$NetworkPorts = @('21','22','23','25','38','42','53','65','69','80','118','123','135','137','139','143','145','156','161','170','389','443','445','647','993','995','1433','1540','1541','3389','8080')
<#------======== Define Variables ========------#>


<#------======== Common Form ========------#>
$CommonForm = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form
$CommonForm.AutoSize = $true
$CommonForm.Text = "Servers Scanning"
<#------======== Common Form ========------#>
<#------======== Label List Enable Servers ========------#>
$LabelListeServers = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label
$LabelListeServers.Location = '2,10'
$LabelListeServers.AutoSize = $true
$LabelListeServers.Text = 'Enable Servers Scanning'
$CommonForm.Controls.Add($LabelListeServers)
<#------======== Label List Enable Servers ========------#>
<#------======== ListBox List Enable Servers ========------#>
$ListboxListeServers = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ListBox
$ListboxListeServers.Location = '2,30'
$ListboxListeServers.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(200,125)
$CommonForm.Controls.Add($ListboxListeServers)
<#------======== ListBox List Enable Servers ========------#>
<#------======== Button Search Enable Servers ========------#>
$ButtonSearcheServers = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button
$ButtonSearcheServers.Location = '2, 165'
$ButtonSearcheServers.Text = 'Find Servers'
$ButtonSearcheServers.AutoSize = $true
$ButtonSearcheServers.add_Click({
    $script:eADWindowsServers = @((Get-ADComputer -Server $MyDomain -Filter {(OperatingSystem -like '*Windows Server*') -and (Enabled -eq $true)} | sort Name).DnsHostName)
    $ListboxListeServers.Items.Clear()
    Foreach($eADWindowsServer in $eADWindowsServers){
        $ListboxListeServers.Items.Add($eADWindowsServer)
    }
})

$CommonForm.Controls.Add($ButtonSearcheServers)
<#------======== Button Search Enable Servers ========------#>
<#------======== Label List Disable Servers ========------#>
$LabelListdServers = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label
$LabelListdServers.Location = '2,195'
$LabelListdServers.AutoSize = $true
$LabelListdServers.Text = 'Disable Servers Scanning'
$CommonForm.Controls.Add($LabelListdServers)
<#------======== Label List Disable Servers ========------#>
<#------======== ListBox List Disable Servers ========------#>
$ListboxListdServers = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ListBox
$ListboxListdServers.Location = '2,220'
$ListboxListdServers.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(195,125)
$CommonForm.Controls.Add($ListboxListdServers)
<#------======== ListBox List Disable Servers ========------#>
<#------======== Button Search Disable Servers ========------#>
$ButtonSearchdServers = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button
$ButtonSearchdServers.Location = '2, 350'
$ButtonSearchdServers.Text = 'Find Servers'
$ButtonSearchdServers.AutoSize = $true
$ButtonSearchdServers.add_Click({
    $dADWindowsServers = @((Get-ADComputer -Server $MyDomain -Filter {(OperatingSystem -like '*Windows Server*') -and (Enabled -eq $false)} | sort Name).DnsHostName)
    $ListboxListdServers.Items.Clear()
    Foreach($dADWindowsServer in $dADWindowsServers){
        $ListboxListdServers.Items.Add($dADWindowsServer)
    }
})

$CommonForm.Controls.Add($ButtonSearchdServers)
<#------======== Button Search Disable Servers ========------#>
<#------======== Label Port Scan ========------#>
$LabelPortScan = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label
$LabelPortScan.Location = '225,10'
$LabelPortScan.AutoSize = $true
$LabelPortScan.Text = 'Ports scanning. Port:'
$CommonForm.Controls.Add($LabelPortScan)
<#------======== TextBox Result Scan ========------#>
$TextBoxResultScan = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
$TextBoxResultScan.Location = '225,30'
$TextBoxResultScan.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(565,200)
$TextBoxResultScan.Multiline = $true
$TextBoxResultScan.Font = New-Object System.Drawing.Font("Consolas", 10) # 使用等宽字体保证列对齐
$CommonForm.Controls.Add($TextBoxResultScan)
<#------======== TextBox Result Scan ========------#>
<#------======== TextBox Enter Port ========------#>
$TextBoxPortScan = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
$TextBoxPortScan.Location = '360,7'
$TextBoxPortScan.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(40,20) # 修正高度，原高度5看不见
$CommonForm.Controls.Add($TextBoxPortScan)
<#------======== TextBox Enter Port ========------#>
<#------======== Button Port Scan ========------#>
$ButtonPortScan = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button
$ButtonPortScan.Location = '400, 5'
$ButtonPortScan.Text = 'Check'
$ButtonPortScan.AutoSize = $true
$ButtonPortScan.add_Click({
    # 禁用按钮防止重复点击
    $ButtonPortScan.Enabled = $false
    # 清空结果框并添加表头
    $TextBoxResultScan.Invoke({
        $this.Text = "服务器地址`t端口号`t扫描结果`n"
    })

    # 确定扫描目标：服务器和端口
    $targetServers = if($ListboxListeServers.SelectedItem -eq $null) { $script:eADWindowsServers } else { @($ListboxListeServers.SelectedItem.ToString()) }
    $targetPorts = if($TextBoxPortScan.Text -ne '') { @($TextBoxPortScan.Text) } else { $NetworkPorts }

    # 启动后台线程执行扫描
    $job = Start-Job -ScriptBlock {
        param($Servers, $Ports, $TimeoutMs)
        $results = @()
        foreach($server in $Servers){
            foreach($port in $Ports){
                $result = Test-NetConnection -ComputerName $server -Port $port -TimeoutMs $TimeoutMs -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                $status = if($result.TcpTestSucceeded) { "开放" } else { "关闭" }
                # 处理无法解析地址的情况
                $remoteAddr = if($result.RemoteAddress) { $result.RemoteAddress } else { "无法解析" }
                $results += [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Server = $server
                    Port = $port
                    Status = $status
                    RemoteAddress = $remoteAddr
                }
            }
        }
        return $results
    } -ArgumentList $targetServers, $targetPorts, 1000

    # 轮询作业状态，刷新UI防止假死
    while($job.State -eq 'Running'){
        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100
        $CommonForm.Refresh()
    }

    # 获取作业结果并更新UI
    $scanResults = Receive-Job -Job $job
    Remove-Job -Job $job

    foreach($item in $scanResults){
        $line = "$($item.RemoteAddress)`t$($item.Port)`t$($item.Status)`n"
        $TextBoxResultScan.Invoke({
            $this.Text += $line
        })
    }

    # 重新启用按钮
    $ButtonPortScan.Enabled = $true
})

$CommonForm.Controls.Add($ButtonPortScan)
<#------======== Button Port Scan ========------#>
<#------======== Call Form ========------#>
$CommonForm.ShowDialog()
<#------======== Call Form ========------#>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Catcher Rem