使用pytest测试Employee类时遇fixture 'bruce'未找到问题求助

问题根源 #

你的测试函数参数用了bruce，但定义的fixture名字是initial_info——pytest会根据测试函数的参数名匹配对应的fixture，因此找不到名为bruce的fixture才抛出错误。

修复方案 #

有两种简单的修复方式：

方式一：修改fixture名称为bruce #

直接将fixture函数名改为bruce，让测试函数的参数名与fixture名对应：

import pytest
from employee import Employee


@pytest.fixture
def bruce():
    """Create an instance of Employee"""
    bruce = Employee('Hongbo', 'Wei', 40000)
    return bruce


def test_give_default_raise(bruce):
    """Test if raising correctly salary by default"""
    bruce.give_raise()
    assert bruce.annual_salary == 45000


def test_give_custom_raise(bruce):
    """Test if raising salary correctly by providing parameter"""
    raise_amount = 6666
    bruce.give_raise(raise_amount)
    assert bruce.annual_salary == 46666

方式二：修改测试函数参数名为initial_info #

保持fixture名称不变，将测试函数的参数改为initial_info，并调整函数内的调用逻辑：

import pytest
from employee import Employee


@pytest.fixture
def initial_info():
    """Create an instance of Employee"""
    bruce = Employee('Hongbo', 'Wei', 40000)
    return bruce


def test_give_default_raise(initial_info):
    """Test if raising correctly salary by default"""
    initial_info.give_raise()
    assert initial_info.annual_salary == 45000


def test_give_custom_raise(initial_info):
    """Test if raising salary correctly by providing parameter"""
    raise_amount = 6666
    initial_info.give_raise(raise_amount)
    assert initial_info.annual_salary == 46666

额外优化建议 #

你的Employee类中give_raise方法的默认参数是空字符串，若传入非字符串类型的空值（比如None）可能引发异常，建议将默认参数改为None，逻辑更严谨：

def give_raise(self, raise_amount=None):
    if raise_amount is not None:
        self.annual_salary += int(raise_amount)
    else:
        self.annual_salary += 5000

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Hongbo