添加JpaRepository后Spring Boot应用无法初始化的问题求助

问题描述 #

原本Spring Boot项目运行正常，添加JpaRepository接口后应用无法完成初始化，IDE无语法错误，添加接口前编译运行均正常。

相关代码 #

实体类Contato.java #

package by.lucas.agenda.contatos.modelo;

import java.util.Objects;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Contato {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY )
    private long id;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String nome;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String telefone;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String email;
    
    private String urlAvatar;

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getNome() {
        return nome;
    }

    public void setNome(String nome) {
        this.nome = nome;
    }

    public String getTelefone() {
        return telefone;
    }

    public void setTelefone(String telefone) {
        this.telefone = telefone;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getUrlAvatar() {
        return urlAvatar;
    }

    public void setUrlAvatar(String urlAvatar) {
        this.urlAvatar = urlAvatar;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return getClass().hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Contato other = (Contato) obj;
        return id == other.id;
    }
    
}

Repository接口ContatoRepositorio.java #

package by.lucas.agenda.contatos.modelo;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.rest.core.annotation.RepositoryRestResource;

@RepositoryRestResource(collectionResourceRel = "contatos", path = "contatos")
public interface ContatoRepositorio extends JpaRepository<Contato, Long> {

}

pom.xml配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>by.lucas</groupId>
    <artifactId>agenda</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>agenda</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
            <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

问题原因及解决方法 #

核心问题 #

你使用的是Spring Boot 3.0.4，该版本基于Jakarta EE 9+，所有Java EE相关的包名已经从javax.*迁移到jakarta.*，但你的代码和依赖存在两处冲突：

1. 手动添加了javax.persistence:persistence-api依赖，而spring-boot-starter-data-jpa已经包含了Jakarta版本的JPA API，两者会引发类路径冲突。
2. 实体类中使用的是javax.persistence.*的导入，这和Spring Boot 3.x的Jakarta环境不兼容。

解决步骤 #

1. 移除冲突依赖：删除pom.xml中的以下依赖节点

   <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
       <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
       <version>1.0</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. 修正实体类导入：将Contato.java中的所有javax.persistence开头的导入替换为jakarta.persistence：

   // 替换前
   import javax.persistence.Column;
   import javax.persistence.Entity;
   import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
   import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
   import javax.persistence.Id;
   
   // 替换后
   import jakarta.persistence.Column;
   import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
   import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
   import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
   import jakarta.persistence.Id;
   

3. 清理并重新构建项目：执行Maven命令mvn clean install，或者在IDE中执行清理缓存、重新编译的操作，然后启动应用。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lucas Melo