制作含降水量与均值、极值温度的双轴气象图表

核心问题修正 #

你已经实现了降水量柱状图和均值温度散点，但无法绘制温度线图及最低/最高温度点，主要原因是geom_line需要明确分组规则，同时多温度系列的y值映射需统一转换逻辑。

单夜间图表修改代码 #

# 定义副轴转换系数
a <- 0.2
b <- 1

Night %>% 
  mutate(Night = fct_reorder(Night, Order)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = Night)) +
  # 降水量柱状图
  geom_col(aes(y = Precip..Accum..Mm), fill = "steelblue") +
  # 均值温度：点+线
  geom_point(aes(y = a + Average.of.Temp*b), color = "red", size = 2) +
  geom_line(aes(y = a + Average.of.Temp*b, group = 1), color = "red", linewidth = 1) +
  # 最低温度：点+虚线
  geom_point(aes(y = a + min.of.Temp*b), color = "blue", size = 2) +
  geom_line(aes(y = a + min.of.Temp*b, group = 1), color = "blue", linewidth = 1, linetype = "dashed") +
  # 最高温度：点+点线
  geom_point(aes(y = a + max.of.Temp*b), color = "darkgreen", size = 2) +
  geom_line(aes(y = a + max.of.Temp*b, group = 1), color = "darkgreen", linewidth = 1, linetype = "dotted") +
  # 双轴配置
  scale_y_continuous(
    name = "Precipitation (mm)",
    sec.axis = sec_axis(~ (. - a)/b, name = "Temperature (°C)")
  ) +
  # 标题与主题
  ggtitle("Night time temperatures and precipitation during monitoring period") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    axis.line.y.right = element_line(color = "red"), 
    axis.ticks.y.right = element_line(color = "red"),
    axis.text.y.right = element_text(color = "red"), 
    axis.title.y.right = element_text(color = "red"),
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5, hjust = 1)
  )

分面图表优化代码 #

a <- 0.2
b <- 1

Day_Night %>% 
  mutate(Night = fct_reorder(Night, Order)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = Night)) +
  geom_col(aes(y = Precip..Accum..Mm), fill = "steelblue") +
  # 均值温度点线
  geom_point(aes(y = a + Mean*b), color = "red", size = 2) +
  geom_line(aes(y = a + Mean*b, group = 1), color = "red", linewidth = 1) +
  # 最低温度点线
  geom_point(aes(y = a + min.of.Temp*b), color = "blue", size = 2) +
  geom_line(aes(y = a + min.of.Temp*b, group = 1), color = "blue", linewidth = 1, linetype = "dashed") +
  # 最高温度点线
  geom_point(aes(y = a + max.of.Temp*b), color = "darkgreen", size = 2) +
  geom_line(aes(y = a + max.of.Temp*b, group = 1), color = "darkgreen", linewidth = 1, linetype = "dotted") +
  # 双轴与辅助线
  scale_y_continuous(
    name = "Precipitation (mm)",
    sec.axis = sec_axis(~ (. - a)/b, name = "Temperature (°C)")
  ) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 10, color = "red", linetype = "dashed") +
  # 分面与主题
  facet_grid(~DN) +
  ggtitle("Day and Night time temperatures and precipitation during monitoring period") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    axis.line.y.right = element_line(color = "red"), 
    axis.ticks.y.right = element_line(color = "red"),
    axis.text.y.right = element_text(color = "red"), 
    axis.title.y.right = element_text(color = "red"),
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5, hjust = 1)
  )

关键修改说明 #

1. 分组规则：给geom_line添加group = 1，因为x轴是分类变量，ggplot需要明确分组才能连接不同x值的点
2. 统一转换：最低/最高温度的y值转换逻辑和均值保持一致，确保所有温度数据映射到副轴对应范围
3. 样式区分：用颜色、线型区分不同温度系列，提升图表可读性
4. 主题顺序：将theme_bw()放在自定义主题前，避免基础样式被覆盖

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Plecotus