Python Telegram Bot v13.15注册脚本AttributeError问题求助

问题描述 #

使用Python Telegram Bot v13.15编写注册功能，需求为收集用户姓名和年龄（不满18岁无法注册），运行时触发AttributeError: 'CallbackContext' object has no attribute 'message'错误。

原代码 #

from telegram.ext import Updater, CommandHandler, conversationhandler
from telegram.ext import (
    CommandHandler, CallbackContext,
    ConversationHandler, MessageHandler,
    Filters, Updater, CallbackQueryHandler
)
from key import API_KEY


REGISTRATION,FIRST,AGE=range(3)
def start(bot,update)->int:
    print('user started the bot')    
    user = update.message.from_user
    bot.sendphoto(chatid=update.message.chatid, photo = 'https://icon-library.com/images/bot-icon/bot-icon-5.jpg',caption='Hello {} this is econ bot '.format(user.first_name))

    return REGISTRATION

def register(bot, update):
    bot.sendmessage(chatid=update.message.chatid, text="Welcome! Please enter your name")
    return FIRST  # (1)
def first(bot, update):  # (2)
    user = update.message.from_user
    name = update.message.text
    user.data.user.id = name  # (3)
    reply = "Thanks for registering {}!\n Enter your age".format(name)  # (4)
    bot.sendmessage(chatid=update.message.chatid, text=reply)
    return AGE  # (5)
def age(bot, update):  # (6)  
    age = int(update.message.text)
    user = update.message.from_user
    if age < 18:     # (7)  
      bot.sendmessage(chatid=update.message.chat.id, text="Sorry you are too young to register")   
    else:     
     user.data.user.obj = age     
     bot.sendmessage(chatid=update.message.chat.id, text="Registration successful!")     
     
    return ConversationHandler.END  # (8)



updater = Updater (token=API_KEY, use_context=True)
dispatcher = updater.dispatcher


def main():
    conv_handler = ConversationHandler(
        entry_points=[CommandHandler("start", start)],
        states={ REGISTRATION:[MessageHandler(Filters.text,register)],
                FIRST: [MessageHandler(Filters.text, first)],
                AGE: [MessageHandler(Filters.text, age)]},
        fallbacks=[CommandHandler("start", start)]
        )  # (11)
    dispatcher.add_handler(conv_handler)
    updater.start_polling()
    updater.idle()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main() 

报错信息 #

No error handlers are registered, logging exception.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\bello\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\telegram\ext\dispatcher.py", line 557, in process_update
    handler.handle_update(update, self, check, context)  File "C:\Users\bello\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\telegram\ext\conversationhandler.py", line 627, in handle_update
    new_state = handler.handle_update(update, dispatcher, check_result, context)
  File "C:\Users\bello\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\telegram\ext\handler.py", line 199, in handle_update
    return self.callback(update, context)
  File "c:/Users/bello/Desktop/telegram bot/improved test bot1/evolve.py", line 14, in start
    user = update.message.from_user
AttributeError: 'CallbackContext' object has no attribute 'message'

错误原因及修复方案 #

1. 回调函数参数顺序错误 #

当使用use_context=True初始化Updater时，回调函数的参数顺序必须为(update, context)，而非原代码的(bot, update)。此时bot对象需通过context.bot获取，update才是包含消息数据的核心对象。

2. 方法名与参数名拼写错误 #

• Telegram Bot API方法采用驼峰命名：需用sendPhoto替代sendphoto，sendMessage替代sendmessage
• 聊天ID参数应为chat_id而非chatid

3. 用户数据存储逻辑错误 #

不能通过user.data.user.id这类无效路径存储数据，应使用框架提供的context.user_data字典来保存用户的姓名、年龄等会话数据。

修复后的完整代码 #

from telegram.ext import (
    Updater, CommandHandler, CallbackContext,
    ConversationHandler, MessageHandler, Filters
)
from key import API_KEY


REGISTRATION, FIRST, AGE = range(3)

def start(update, context) -> int:
    print('user started the bot')    
    user = update.message.from_user
    context.bot.sendPhoto(
        chat_id=update.message.chat_id, 
        photo='https://icon-library.com/images/bot-icon/bot-icon-5.jpg',
        caption=f'Hello {user.first_name}, this is econ bot!'
    )
    return REGISTRATION

def register(update, context):
    context.bot.sendMessage(
        chat_id=update.message.chat_id, 
        text="Welcome! Please enter your name"
    )
    return FIRST

def first(update, context):
    user = update.message.from_user
    name = update.message.text.strip()
    # 存储用户姓名到会话数据
    context.user_data['name'] = name
    reply = f"Thanks for registering {name}!\nEnter your age"
    context.bot.sendMessage(chat_id=update.message.chat_id, text=reply)
    return AGE

def age(update, context):
    try:
        age = int(update.message.text.strip())
        if age < 18:
            context.bot.sendMessage(
                chat_id=update.message.chat_id, 
                text="Sorry you are too young to register"
            )
        else:
            context.user_data['age'] = age
            context.bot.sendMessage(
                chat_id=update.message.chat_id, 
                text="Registration successful!"
            )
    except ValueError:
        # 处理非数字的年龄输入
        context.bot.sendMessage(
            chat_id=update.message.chat_id, 
            text="Please enter a valid number for your age."
        )
        return AGE  # 让用户重新输入年龄
    return ConversationHandler.END

def main():
    updater = Updater(token=API_KEY, use_context=True)
    dispatcher = updater.dispatcher

    conv_handler = ConversationHandler(
        entry_points=[CommandHandler("start", start)],
        states={
            REGISTRATION: [MessageHandler(Filters.text, register)],
            FIRST: [MessageHandler(Filters.text & ~Filters.command, first)],
            AGE: [MessageHandler(Filters.text & ~Filters.command, age)]
        },
        fallbacks=[CommandHandler("start", start)]
    )
    dispatcher.add_handler(conv_handler)
    updater.start_polling()
    updater.idle()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

额外优化点 #

• 增加输入验证，处理年龄非数字的异常情况
• 过滤命令消息，避免用户输入命令打断注册流程
• 使用f-string替代format，提升代码可读性

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Abel Hailu