如何在Yocto OS中部署Java 17运行环境？

问题背景 #

我们团队正在为phyCORE i.MX 8M Plus嵌入式设备构建Yocto OS镜像，应用是基于Java 17开发的微服务。之前在其他系统用Docker部署，但缺乏Yocto构建经验，现在遇到瓶颈：已安装的meta-java层只支持OpenJDK 8；尝试构建包含OpenJDK 17的自定义层时，bitbake执行<recipe-name>的do_configure()阶段交叉编译失败。想咨询有没有支持Java 8以上版本的现成Yocto层，或者能让自定义层正常运行的建议。

当前构建配置 #

local.conf #

MACHINE ?= "phyboard-pollux-imx8mp-3"

DISTRO ?= "ampliphy-vendor"

########################
# global configuration #
########################

# That are the default values of bitbake.  Adapt these to your workspace and
# host preferences.
#DL_DIR = "${TOPDIR}/downloads"
#SSTATE_DIR = "${TOPDIR}/sstate-cache"

# License Handling
#  - Uncomment for i.MX6 proprietary GPU libraries
#LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST += "license-nxp_v14-june-2016_imx-gpu-viv"
#  - Uncomment for Freescale i.MX6 VPU firmware blobs
#LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST += "license-freescale_v12-march-2016_firmware-imx"

# build artifacts are deployed here
DEPLOY_DIR = "${TOPDIR}/deploy"

# enable bitbakes git shallow functionality: this reduces download volume
# from 7.3G to 1.6 G as of sumo. If you need the git history of a project,
# you can run a "git remote update" in the tmp dir, as the remotes are
# correctly specified
BB_GIT_SHALLOW = "1"

# Select configuration UI for linux and barebox recipe. The openembedded
# default is 'menuconfig', 'nconfig' has more features.
# busybox only supports menuconfig
#KCONFIG_CONFIG_COMMAND = "menuconfig"
KCONFIG_CONFIG_COMMAND = "nconfig"
KCONFIG_CONFIG_COMMAND_pn-busybox = "menuconfig"

# SDK will be build for that cpu
#SDKMACHINE ?= "x86_64"

# bitbake disk monitor setup
BB_DISKMON_DIRS ??= "\\
    STOPTASKS,${TMPDIR},1G,100K \\
    STOPTASKS,${DL_DIR},1G,100K \\
    STOPTASKS,${SSTATE_DIR},1G,100K \\
    STOPTASKS,/tmp,100M,100K \\
    ABORT,${TMPDIR},100M,1K \\
    ABORT,${DL_DIR},100M,1K \\
    ABORT,${SSTATE_DIR},100M,1K \\
    ABORT,/tmp,10M,1K"

#######################
# Image configuration #
#######################

# The following line disables the autostart of the phytec-qtdemo by
# default, but you can start the demo anytime using
#  $ systemctl start phytec-qtdemo.service
#SYSTEMD_AUTO_ENABLE_pn-phytec-qtdemo = "disable"

# You can disable and enable FSTYPES as you wish. e.g. 'ext4'.
# This variable is ordering dependend.
#IMAGE_FSTYPES = "tar.gz wic ubifs emmc"

# To change the variable for any imx8 machine:
#IMAGE_FSTYPES_mx8 = "tar.gz wic ubifs emmc"

# Turn on debugging options of the kernel
#DEBUG_BUILD_pn-linux-mainline = "1"
# Turn on debugging options of the imx kernel
#DEBUG_BUILD_pn-linux-imx = "1"
# Turn on debugging options of the barebox
#DEBUG_BUILD_pn-barebox = "1"

# Include kernel sources in SDK
TOOLCHAIN_TARGET_TASK_append = " kernel-devsrc"

# The default package class of the distro ampliphy is 'package_ipk'. The first
# value is used as the package manager to build the image and sdk. To build
# also tar packages use
#PACKAGE_CLASSES = "package_ipk package_tar"

# Variable IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE from poky/meta/conf/documentation.conf:
#   Defines additional free disk space created in the image in Kbytes. By
#   default, this variable is set to '0'.
# This example line adds an additional 512 MiB of free space to the root
# filesystem:
#IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE = "524288"

# See http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.8/ref-manual/ref-manual.html#ref-features-image
#    Through these variables, you can add several different predefined
#    packages such as development utilities or packages with debug information
#    needed to investigate application problems or profile applications
EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = ""
# - "Makes an image suitable for development (e.g. allows root logins without
#    passwords and enables post-installation logging)"
EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES += "debug-tweaks"
# - "Installs debug symbol packages for all packages installed in a given
#    image."
#EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES += "dbg-pkgs"
# - "Installs debugging tools such as strace and gdb."
#EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES += "tools-debug"

######################
# rauc configuration #
######################

# certificate location for signing bundles
#CERT_PATH = "${TOPDIR}/../sources/meta-ampliphy/openssl-ca"

####################
# QT configuration #
####################

# We disable qt widgets per default to save about 10 MB of storage. If
# you need qt widget support, you can enable it with this line
#DISTRO_FEATURES_append = " qtwidgets"

CONF_VERSION = "1"

# Uncomment to accept NXP EULA (needed, if any NXP / freescale layer is used)
# EULA can then be found under ../sources/meta-freescale/EULA
ACCEPT_FSL_EULA = "1"

# A TISDK BSP requires per default an external toolchain
# Provide a default path that is compatible to our TISDK docker image
TOOLCHAIN_BASE ?= "/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs"

############################################
# Addition of openjdk-8 and minicom to the default build
PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/java-initial-native = "cacao-initial-native"
PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/java-native = "jamvm-native"
PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/javac-native = "ecj-bootstrap-native"

IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " minicom openjdk-8"
############################################

bblayers.conf #

# POKY_BBLAYERS_CONF_VERSION is increased each time build/conf/bblayers.conf
# changes incompatibly
POKY_BBLAYERS_CONF_VERSION = "2"

BBPATH = "${TOPDIR}"
BBFILES ?= ""

OEROOT := "/home/ubuntu/yocto/sources/poky"
# add BSPDIR variable, as it is needed by recipes of NXP
BSPDIR := "${OEROOT}/../.."

#######################################
# IMPORTANT NOTE: change to correct location and username on your build!
MYBSPDIR := "/home/ubuntu/yocto/sources"
########################################

# In our BSPs active layers are defined by the manifest.xml for all BSPs. The
# bblayers.conf gets created by the init_bblayers.py script.
BBLAYERS ?= ""
BBLAYERS += "\\
  ${OEROOT}/../poky/meta \\
  ${OEROOT}/../poky/meta-poky \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-openembedded/meta-oe \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-openembedded/meta-networking \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-openembedded/meta-python \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-openembedded/meta-multimedia \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-openembedded/meta-filesystems \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-openembedded/meta-perl \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-openembedded/meta-gnome \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-imx/meta-bsp \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-imx/meta-sdk \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-imx/meta-ml \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-browser/meta-chromium \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-clang \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-freescale \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-freescale-3rdparty \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-freescale-distro \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-nxp-demo-experience \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-python2 \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-qt5 \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-virtualization \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-rauc \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-phytec \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-ampliphy \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-security \\
  ${OEROOT}/../meta-security/meta-tpm \\
  "
###################################
# Addition of the meta-java layer
BBLAYERS += "${MYBSPDIR}/meta-java"
###################################

解决方案建议 #

现成Yocto层选择 #

• meta-openjdk：该层支持OpenJDK 11及以上版本（包括17），适配Dunfell及之后的Yocto版本，直接集成到现有构建即可，无需自己从头写recipe。
• 更新meta-java层分支：官方meta-java在master、kirkstone等较新分支中已经支持OpenJDK 11/17，替换当前旧版本的meta-java层为对应Yocto版本的兼容分支即可。

自定义层修复要点 #

如果坚持维护自定义层，针对do_configure()失败的问题，从以下方面排查：

1. 依赖版本适配：OpenJDK 17需要更新的基础依赖，比如glibc 2.31+、GCC 10+，确保Yocto构建环境的工具链满足要求。
2. 交叉编译环境配置：在recipe中正确设置交叉编译变量，比如TARGET_CC、TARGET_CXX，同时确保构建机器上安装了原生OpenJDK 17作为宿主编译环境。
3. 平台补丁适配：OpenJDK源码需要针对ARM64架构的补丁，参考成熟层（比如meta-openjdk）中的补丁文件，修复嵌入式平台的兼容性问题。
4. 构建资源调整：OpenJDK编译耗内存，建议构建机器至少16G RAM，在local.conf中设置PARALLEL_MAKE = "-j$(nproc)"（根据核心数调整），避免内存不足导致编译失败。

配置调整示例 #

替换meta-java层后，更新local.conf中的Java相关配置：

# 替换为OpenJDK 17作为默认Java提供者
PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/java = "openjdk-17"
PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/javac = "openjdk-17"
# 将OpenJDK 17加入镜像安装列表
IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " openjdk-17"
# 确保OpenJDK需要的特性已开启
DISTRO_FEATURES_append = " largefile ipv6"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者bc_tom