Azure部署Node.js应用时ERR_REQUIRE_ESM错误求助

应用抛出未捕获异常并终止：Error [ERR_REQUIRE_ESM]: 不支持从C:\Program Files (x86)\iisnode\interceptor.js中使用require()加载ES模块C:\home\site\wwwroot\app.js。请将C:\Program Files (x86)\iisnode\interceptor.js中对app.js的require改为所有CommonJS模块均支持的动态import()。位于Object. (C:\Program Files (x86)\iisnode\interceptor.js:459:1)

已完成package.json添加"type": "module"、将require改为import的操作，但找不到iisnode文件夹及interceptor.js文件。部署遵循官方Node.js快速入门指南（Windows环境）。

相关配置文件 #

package.json #

{
  "name": "my-express-app",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node app.js"
  },
  "type": "module",
  "description": "my-express-app",
  "author": {
    "name": ""
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@azure/msal-node": "^1.16.0",
    "axios": "^1.3.4",
    "body-parser": "^1.15.0",
    "cookie-parser": "^1.4.0",
    "cors": "^2.8.5",
    "dotenv": "^16.0.3",
    "express": "^4.14.0",
    "morgan": "^1.7.0",
    "nodemon": "^2.0.20",
    "pug": "^3.0.2",
    "serve-favicon": "^2.3.0",
    "tedious": "^15.1.2",
    "tedious-connection-pool": "^1.0.5"
  }
}

app.js #

import express from "express";
import logger from "morgan";
import cookieParser from "cookie-parser";
import bodyParser from "body-parser";
import * as checkResource from "./middleware/checkResource.js";
import { setError } from "./middleware/error.js";
import cors from "cors";

import { router as routes_Admin } from "./controllers/admin.js";
import { resolve } from "path";

export var app = express();

// middlewares
app.use(checkResource.check);
app.use(setError);
app.use("/static", express.static("public"));
app.use(express.json());
app.use(cors());

//controllers;
app.use(routes_Admin);

app.use(logger("dev"));

app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(cookieParser());

app.set("port", process.env.PORT || 3000);

app.get("/", (req, res) => {
  console.log("Hello World!");
  res.send("Hello world!");
});

app.listen(app.get("port"), () => {});

web.config #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
     This configuration file is required if iisnode is used to run node processes behind
     IIS or IIS Express.  For more information, visit:
     https://github.com/tjanczuk/iisnode/blob/master/src/samples/configuration/web.config
-->

<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
    <!-- Visit http://blogs.msdn.com/b/windowsazure/archive/2013/11/14/introduction-to-websockets-on-windows-azure-web-sites.aspx for more information on WebSocket support -->
    <webSocket enabled="false" />
    <handlers>
      <!-- Indicates that the app.js file is a node.js site to be handled by the iisnode module -->
      <add name="iisnode" path="app.js" verb="*" modules="iisnode"/>
    </handlers>
    <rewrite>
      <rules>
        <!-- Do not interfere with requests for node-inspector debugging -->
        <rule name="NodeInspector" patternSyntax="ECMAScript" stopProcessing="true">
          <match url="^app.js\/debug[\/]?" />
        </rule>

        <!-- First we consider whether the incoming URL matches a physical file in the /public folder -->
        <rule name="StaticContent">
          <action type="Rewrite" url="{REQUEST_URI}"/>
        </rule>

        <!-- All other URLs are mapped to the node.js site entry point -->
        <rule name="DynamicContent">
          <conditions>
            <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="True"/>
          </conditions>
          <action type="Rewrite" url="app.js"/>
        </rule>
      </rules>
    </rewrite>
    
    <!-- 'bin' directory has no special meaning in node.js and apps can be placed in it -->
    <security>
      <requestFiltering>
        <hiddenSegments>
          <remove segment="bin"/>
        </hiddenSegments>
      </requestFiltering>
    </security>

    <!-- Make sure error responses are left untouched -->
    <httpErrors existingResponse="PassThrough" />

    <!--
      You can control how Node is hosted within IIS using the following options:
        * watchedFiles: semi-colon separated list of files that will be watched for changes to restart the server
        * node_env: will be propagated to node as NODE_ENV environment variable
        * debuggingEnabled - controls whether the built-in debugger is enabled
      See https://github.com/tjanczuk/iisnode/blob/master/src/samples/configuration/web.config for a full list of options
    -->
    <!--<iisnode watchedFiles="web.config;*.js"/>-->
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>

• 改用Azure App Service Linux环境：Windows环境依赖的iisnode模块不支持ES模块的import语法，Linux环境直接通过Node.js进程启动应用，规避iisnode的限制。部署时选择Linux操作系统的App Service计划，重新部署即可。
• 修改web.config，绕过iisnode直接启动Node进程：如果必须使用Windows环境，修改web.config中的handler配置，替换iisnode模块为直接调用node.exe：

  <handlers>
    <add name="nodejs" path="app.js" verb="*" modules="httpPlatformHandler" resourceType="Unspecified" />
  </handlers>
  <httpPlatform processPath="%programfiles%\nodejs\node.exe" arguments=".\app.js" stdoutLogEnabled="true" stdoutLogFile=".\node.log" startupTimeLimit="30" />
  

  注意：需要确保Azure App Service的Windows环境已安装对应版本的Node.js，并且processPath指向正确的node.exe路径。
• 降级为CommonJS模块：如果上述方案不可行，将package.json中的"type": "module"移除，把所有import改回require语法，适配iisnode的CommonJS加载方式。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Gello