Android Studio中Kotlin重复类编译失败问题求助

错误信息 #

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

• What went wrong:
  Execution failed for task ':app:checkDebugDuplicateClasses'.

A failure occurred while executing com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.CheckDuplicatesRunnable
Duplicate class kotlin.collections.jdk8.CollectionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk7.JDK7PlatformImplementations found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
...（其他重复类错误）

当前Gradle配置 #

模块级Build.Gradle(:app) #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'com.google.gms.google-services'
}

android {
    namespace 'com.example.simpleloginapp'
    compileSdk 33

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.simpleloginapp"
        minSdk 24
        targetSdk 33
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    buildFeatures {
        viewBinding true
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.8.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-ktx:2.6.0'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.6.0'
    implementation 'androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment:2.5.3'
    implementation 'androidx.navigation:navigation-ui:2.5.3'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:21.1.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'
}

项目级Build.gradle(Simple login app) #

buildscript {
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.15'
    }
}// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
plugins {
    id 'com.android.application' version '7.4.2' apply false
    id 'com.android.library' version '7.4.2' apply false
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' version '1.8.0' apply false
}

问题原因 #

1. 模块级Gradle未应用Kotlin Android插件，导致依赖管理逻辑缺失。
2. 第三方依赖（如AndroidX KTX库、Firebase）间接引入了旧版本的kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8（1.6.21），而Kotlin 1.8+版本中，这些JDK适配模块已合并到kotlin-stdlib中，同时存在就会触发重复类冲突。

解决方案 #

步骤1：在模块级Gradle中应用Kotlin插件 #

修改模块级build.gradle(:app)的plugins块，添加Kotlin Android插件：

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' // 新增此行
    id 'com.google.gms.google-services'
}

步骤2：强制统一Kotlin依赖版本 #

在模块级build.gradle(:app)的android块后添加配置，强制所有依赖使用项目指定的Kotlin版本（1.8.0）：

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy {
        force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0"
        force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.8.0"
        force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.8.0"
    }
}

步骤3：同步并重建项目 #

• 点击Android Studio右上角的「Sync Project with Gradle Files」同步配置。
• 执行Build > Clean Project和Build > Rebuild Project。

可选优化：排除特定依赖中的旧Kotlin模块 #

如果强制版本后仍有冲突，可针对具体依赖排除旧模块，例如针对Firebase Auth：

implementation('com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:21.1.0') {
    exclude group: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin', module: 'kotlin-stdlib-jdk7'
    exclude group: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin', module: 'kotlin-stdlib-jdk8'
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者LJ Castellanos