如何为JSON Schema添加父/母ID与邮箱的互斥必填规则？

现有基础Schema结构 #

{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "properties": {
    "person_id": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "email": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "father_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uuid"
    },
    "father_email": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "email"
    },
    "mother_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uuid"
    },
    "mother_email": {
      "type": "string"
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "person_id",
    "email"  
    ],
  "additionalProperties": false
}

需求说明 #

• 必须填写father_id或father_email其中一项，不可同时填写
• 必须填写mother_id或mother_email其中一项，不可同时填写

已实现的父亲信息规则 #

你已经写出了针对父亲信息的oneOf规则，确保二选一且不同时填写：

"oneOf": [
  {
    "required": [
      "father_email"
    ]
  },
  {
    "required": [
      "father_id"
    ]
  }
]

完整实现方案 #

要同时满足父母双方的规则，只需把两个oneOf规则用allOf包裹，让两组规则同时生效。完整Schema如下：

{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "properties": {
    "person_id": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "email": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "father_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uuid"
    },
    "father_email": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "email"
    },
    "mother_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uuid"
    },
    "mother_email": {
      "type": "string"
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "person_id",
    "email"  
  ],
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "allOf": [
    {
      "oneOf": [
        { "required": ["father_email"] },
        { "required": ["father_id"] }
      ]
    },
    {
      "oneOf": [
        { "required": ["mother_email"] },
        { "required": ["mother_id"] }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

规则解释 #

• allOf：保证内部的每一组规则都必须被满足，即父母双方的二选一要求同时生效
• 每组oneOf：对应一方的信息约束，只能选择其中一个字段填写，避免同时提交两个字段的情况

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Stanley_Lee