Biopython Entrez查询PMC文章ID返回空列表的问题求助

我用下面的代码下载标题/摘要含指定关键词、且在指定日期范围内的PubMed Central（PMC）文章ID。选database="pubmed"时代码正常运行，能拿到4个PubMed ID：['36902449', '36880658', '36583446', '35239250']，手动查发现第一个ID对应的文章也在PMC库中（对应PMC ID为10003631），但切换到database="pmc"时却返回空列表，求指出忽略的问题。

import os
import datetime
from Bio import Entrez

# Set the email address to identify yourself to NCBI
Entrez.email = "example@gmail.com"

# Set the date range for the search
start_date = datetime.datetime(2023, 3, 1)
end_date = datetime.datetime(2023, 3, 22)

# Format the dates as strings in the correct format
start_date_str = start_date.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
end_date_str = end_date.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")

# Build the search query with the date range
keyword = "dosage compensation"
# database = "pubmed"
database = "pmc"

# Use esearch to fetch the list of matching article IDs
if database == "pubmed":
    search_term = f'("{start_date_str}"[Date - Publication] : "{end_date_str}"[Date - Publication]) AND {keyword}[Title/Abstract]'
    handle = Entrez.esearch(db=database,
                            term=search_term,
                            retmax=100,
                            api_key = os.environ['ENTREZ_API_KEY'])
elif database == "pmc":
    search_term = f'("{start_date_str}"[Publication Date] : "{end_date_str}"[Publication Date]) AND {keyword}[Title/Abstract] AND open_access[filter]'
    handle = Entrez.esearch(db=database,
                        term=search_term,
                        retmax=1000,
                        api_key = os.environ['ENTREZ_API_KEY'])

record = Entrez.read(handle)
id_list = record['IdList']
handle.close()

# Print the number of matching articles
print(f"Found {len(id_list)} articles published between {start_date_str} and {end_date_str} in {database}")
# print(id_list)

排查要点 #

• 日期字段名错误：PMC数据库中，对应文章出版日期的检索字段是[Date - Publication]，而非代码里写的[Publication Date]。NCBI不同数据库的检索字段命名有差异，这是导致日期范围过滤失效的核心原因。
• 开放获取过滤条件过严：代码中添加的open_access[filter]可能排除了目标文章——PMC10003631可能不属于开放获取文章，或者该过滤条件的语法在PMC检索中不适用。建议先去掉该过滤条件测试，再根据实际需求调整。
• 手动验证检索逻辑：直接在NCBI官网的PMC检索页面输入修正后的检索词：("2023/03/01"[Date - Publication] : "2023/03/22"[Date - Publication]) AND dosage compensation[Title/Abstract]，确认是否能搜到目标PMC文章，以此验证检索逻辑的正确性。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Wasim Aftab